Chapter 12 Flashcards
When was the WWW invented and by whom? What was it also referred as? Some features
World Wide Web was invented by Tim-Bernes Lee along with a high energy physics laboratory CERN at the Swiss-french border in 1995. It was also referred to as the “Killer Application”.
Features:
- Incorporated hypertext techniques
- was on the internet
Three standards:
1. HTTP
2. URL
3. HTML
How were people online in 1990?
People were online but not by connecting to the internet, but to America Online (AOL), launched from online services in 1985 namely the Quantum Link from Commodore 64.
What was AOL previously named and when did the name change? What was the focus shifted to?
Quantum was the previous name, changed in 1991. Focus shifted from PC clients to DOS.
What year did AOL reach 1 million users?
1994
What did Ted Nelson right about hypertexts in his manifesto? What was the name of his manifesto?
Name: Computer Lib/Dream Machines
He wrote “forms of writing which branch or perform on request; they are best presented on computer display screens
Hypercards were made by whom and for what? What was it’s use?
1987 by Bill Atkinson at Apple for Macintosh. Even allowed novices to program simple games or educational material.
When did windows introduce hypertext and where?
1990, in windows 3.0
What was Gopher?
A canvas like system for class schedules links etc, developed by students at University of Minnesota . Could search by keywords later. Became obsolete after WWW launched.
What is the full form of WAIS? Who developed it and what did it do?
Wide Area Information Server, developed by Brewster Kahle and colleagues.
- Search contents of file
- Search internet for doc and index their contents. Became obsolete after WWW launched.
Who developed Mosaic and when? What were its features?
Marc Andreesen and Eric Bina launched a test version of a browser in 1993 which became Mosaic, it was funded by NSF.
Features:
- Integrated image and text
About Marc Andreesen
Developed Mosaic with Eric Bina 1993. Later started company with Clark called Netscape communications and launched “Navigator Browser” in 1994. Became most used browser.
Name some biggest ISP’s
AOL, AT&T worldnet, MSN
Name some applications that gained popularity in the early days of the internet/Web?
AIM (AOL Instant Messenger) among teenagers.
Game: Ultima Online in 1997
Who founded Electronic Frontier Foundation?
Mitch Kapor & John Gilmore in 1990
When was the magazine “Wired” founded? What kind of ideas did it promote?
1993, Idea: Internet was a place of its own- a lifestyle
What were some limitations of the web? How was it preserved?
- Payments were hard
- Poor built in search capability
- Searching was hard
Wayback Machine in 2001 by Brewster Kahle preserved the web.
