chapter 12

Question 1

polytheism

Answer 1

many gods

Question 2

aedes

Answer 2

temple

Question 3

cultus

Answer 3

proper ritual

Question 4

pietas

Answer 4

respect

Question 5

religio

Answer 5

worship to the gods

Question 6

superstitio

Answer 6

improper religion

Question 7

sacra (passive)

Answer 7

rites: sacrifice, prayer

Question 8

auspicia (active)

Answer 8

signs from the gods
-omens (prodigia)

Question 9

Sacra publica populi romani

Answer 9

public rituals
• Prayers, sacrifices, vows, festivals, games

Question 10

armilustrium

Answer 10

purification of weapons

Question 11

Priesthood

Answer 11

• No specialized, full-time priesthood
• Acting as a priest is part of public offices or family responsibility
•Don’t need special training

Question 12

Pontiffs

Answer 12

• 15 members
• Oversee public religion (sacra publica)
• Ritual
• Care of tombs
• Pontifical law
• Calendar
• 10 months, later 12
• Intercalation

Question 13

Pontifex Maximus

Answer 13

•head pontiff
•elected for life
•becomes office of emperor

Question 14

augurs

Answer 14

• Interpret auspicia (signs from the gods)
• Natural signs
• Bird flight
• Sacred chickens

• Magistrates with imperium can take auspicia

Question 15

auspicia

Answer 15

signs from the gods

Question 16

haruspices

Answer 16

-interpret entrails
-omens
-“etruscan science”

Question 17

quindecemviri

Answer 17

• 15 priests
• Interpret Sibylline books
• Under their influence:
-New cults
Asklepios 292 BCE
Magna Mater 204 BCE
• Add Greek practices into ritual
Feasts
Games

Question 18

Vestal virgins

Answer 18

• 6 priestesses
• Unmarried
• Serve for 30 years
• Start between age 6-10

Question 19

penates

Answer 19

storehouse/cupboard

Question 20

genius

Answer 20

a man’s spirit
(juno for a woman)

Question 21

di manes

Answer 21

deified spirits of the dead
-worshiped at funerals and certain festivals

Question 22

pomerium

Answer 22

religious boundary of city where tombs were