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Human Biology Exam 3 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Supports body, protects Soft body parts, produces blood cells, stores minerals/fat, allows body movement

A

Functions of skeletal system

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2
Q

Bone, cartilage, ligaments

A

Tissue of skeletal system

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3
Q

Stem cells located in bone

A

Osteogenic cells

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4
Q

Are young, bone-forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

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5
Q

Are mature bone cells located within lacunae (chambers)

A

Osteocytes

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6
Q

Cells that break down bone

A

Osteoclasts

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7
Q

More flexible than bone, no nerves/ blood vessels

A

Cartilage

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8
Q

Fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and elastic cartilage

A

Types of cartilage

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9
Q

Strongest type of cartilage

A

Fibrocartilage

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10
Q

Between vertebrae, in knees

A

Fibrocartilage location

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11
Q

Most abundant type of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage

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12
Q

Ends of long bones, in nose, larynx, trachea, etc

A

Hyaline cartilage location

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13
Q

Most flexible type of cartilage

A

Elastic cartilage

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14
Q

Outer ear; epiglottis

A

Elastic cartilage location

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15
Q

Fibrous connective tissue; binds bones to one another

A

Ligaments

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16
Q

Shaft of bone; walls composed of compact bone; large medullary cavity

A

Diaphysis

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17
Q

Area of mature bone between diaphysis and epiphysis; contains epiphyseal plate

A

Metaphysics

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18
Q

Region of cartilage that allows bone growth

A

Epiphyseal plate

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19
Q

Around 206 bones in adults

A

Skeleton

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20
Q

Forms midline of body

A

Axial skeleton

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21
Q

Composed of bones of pectoral and pelvic girdles and attached limbs

A

Appendicular skeleton

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22
Q

Composed of cranial bones and facial bones

A

Skull

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23
Q

Protect brain, provide structure to face, aid breathing, eating, etc

A

Skull functions

24
Q

Membranous regions that join bones in infants

A

Fontanels

25
Q

Air spaces in some skull bones

A

Sinuses

26
Q

Anchors torque and serves as site of attachment for swallowing muscles

A

Hyoid Bones

27
Q

Consists of 33 vertebrae

A

Vertebral column

28
Q

Neck

A

Cervical

29
Q

Thorax/chest

A

Thoracic

30
Q

Lower back

A

Lumbar

31
Q

Separate neighboring vertebrae

A

Invertebral disks

32
Q

Supports head, protects spinal cord, and serves as the site of attachment for arms and legs

A

Vertebral column

33
Q

Protects heart, lungs, and aids in breathing

A

Rib cage

34
Q

Consists of bones of pectoral (shoulder) and pelvic (hip) girdles and their attached limbs

A

Appendicular skeleton

35
Q

Specialized for flexibility

A

Pectoral girdle

36
Q

Specialized for strength and stability

A

Pelvic girdle

37
Q

Areas where bones meet/join

A

Articulations

38
Q

Joints are immovable; include structures of cranial bones

A

Fibrous

39
Q

Sliantiy movable; include costal cartilages, invertebrate disks

A

Cartilaginous joints

40
Q

Freely movable

A

Synovial joints

41
Q

Vertebral column consists of how many vertebrae?

A

33 vertebrae

42
Q

Bone formation

A

Ossification

43
Q

Bones develop between sheets of fibrous connective tissue

A

Intramembranous ossification

44
Q

Bones develop from hyaline cartilage models

A

Endochondral ossification

45
Q

Bands of “leftover” cartilage between primary and secondary ossification centers

A

Epiphyseal plates

45
Q

Bands of “leftover” cartilage between primary and secondary ossification centers

A

Epiphyseal plates

46
Q

Bones can no longer length after closure occurs

A

Epiphyseal plate closure

47
Q

Promotes absorption of calcium in small intestines

A

Vitamin D (calcitrol)

48
Q

Stimulates growth of epiphyseal plate

A

Growth hormone (gh)

49
Q

Increases metabolic activity in cells, including those in bone

A

Thuroid hormone (Th)

50
Q

Stimulate osteoblast activity

A

Sex hormones

51
Q

Refers to bone being broken down and reformed

A

Bone remodeling

52
Q

Released when blood calcium levels are too low; osteoblasts stimulated

A

Parathyroid hormone (pth)

53
Q

Released when blood calcium levels are too high; osteoblasts stimulated

A

Calcitonin

54
Q

Damaged blood vessels leak blood into break creating a _

A

Hematoma

55
Q

Repair begins with ___ formation

A

Fibrocartilaginous callus

56
Q

Replaces fibrocartilaginous callus

A

Bony callus

Human Biology Exam 3 (3 decks)

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