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Radiographic Exposures Test 1 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three principal factors that affect x-ray emissions that are under direct control of the radiographer?

A

The prime factors; mAs, kVp, and distance

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2
Q

What are two terms that can describe the x-ray beam?

A

quantity and quality

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3
Q

What is x-ray quantity?

A

a measure of the number of x-ray photons in the useful beam.

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4
Q

What is another name for x-ray quantity?

A

x-ray output, intensity, or exposure

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5
Q

What is the measurement of x-ray quantity?

A

roentgen (R)

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6
Q

What are the factors that directly affect x-ray quantity?

A

mAs, kVp, and filtration

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7
Q

What is x-ray quality?

A

a measurement of the penetrating ability of the x-ray beam

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8
Q

What does penetrability describe?

A

the distance an x-ray beam travels in matter

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9
Q

Which travels farther high energy photons or low energy photons?

A

high energy photons; therefore they penetrate more

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10
Q

What is another name for highly penetrating x-rays?

A

hard x-rays

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11
Q

What is another name for low-penetrating x-rays?

A

soft x-rays

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12
Q

How is x-ray quality numerically represented?

A

the half-value layer

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13
Q

What is the half-value layer of an x-ray beam?

A

that thickness if absorbing material needed to reduce the x-ray intensity(quantity) to half its original value

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14
Q

What are the factors that directly affect x-ray quality?

A

kilovoltage and filtration

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15
Q

What are the factors that control quantity and/or quality of x-ray emission?

A

the prime factors and filtration

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16
Q

Can radiographers control filtration from exposure to exposure?

A

no

17
Q

What is milliampeage (mA)?

A

a measurement of x-ray tube current- the number of electrons crossing the tube from cathode to anode per second

18
Q

Milliamperage is directly or inversely proportional to tube current?

A

directly

19
Q

When mA doubles, what else doubles?

A

the number of electrons able to cross the tube

20
Q

What is the number of electrons reaching the target controlled by?

A

the length of time the tube is energized

21
Q

How is the x-ray exposure time measured?

A

seconds

22
Q

X-ray quantity is directly or inversely proportional to mAs?

A

directly

23
Q

What else doubles when the mAs doubles?

A

x-ray exposures

24
Q

What records the image that is then displayed on the monitor for viewing?

A

the image receptor

25
Q

What is radiographic density?

A

the degree of blackening of an x-ray film

26
Q

How is radiographic density created?

A

by deposits of black metallic silver within the emulsion fo an x-ray film that has been exposed to light or x-ray and then processed.

27
Q

What happens to the image if the EI and IR exposure numbers are outside of the acceptable range?

A

the image has then been underexposed or overexposed and must be repeated

28
Q

Insufficient amount of mAs will result in?

A

an underexposed image

29
Q

Excessive amount of mAs will result in?

A

an overexposed image

30
Q

What does kVp control?

A

both the quantity and quality of the x-ray beam

31
Q

What will happen if you increase the kVp on the x-ray control panel?

A

it will cause and increase in the speed and energy of the electrons applied across the x-ray tube

32
Q

What does the 15 percent rule state?

A

an increase in kVp by 15 percent will cause a doubling in IR exposure, the same effect as doubling the mA or doubling exposure time

33
Q

The intensity of x-rays varies greatly with changes in ____.

A

distance

34
Q

The x-ray intensity will ____ as the distance is increased.

A

decrease

35
Q

What is x-ray intensity(exposure) measured in?

A

roentgens (R)

36
Q

What does the inverse square law state?

A

that the intensity of radiation at a given distance from the point source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance

Radiographic Exposures Test 1 (6 decks)

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