Chapter 12 Flashcards
The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn
Population
A representative subset of a population, examined in hope of learning about a population
Sample
A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in the hope of learning something about the entire population
Sample Survey
Any systematic failures of a sampling method to represent its population
Bias
When each individual is given a fair, random chance of selection
Randomization
The number of individuals in a sample
Sample Size
A sample that consists of the entire population
Census
A numerically valued attribute of a model for a population
Population Parameter
Values calculated for sampled data
Statistic, Sample statistic
A sample that accurately reflects the corresponding population parameters
Representative
a sample in which each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
Simple Random Sample (SRS)
A list of individuals from whom the sample is drawn
Sampling Frame
The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ, one from another
Sampling Variability
A sampling design in which the population is divided into several sub populations, or strata, and random samples are then drawn from each stratum
Stratified Random Sample
A sampling design in which entire groups, or clusters, are chosen at random
Cluster Sample
Sampling schemes that combine several sampling methods
Multistage Sample
A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame
Systematic Sample
A small trial run of a survey to check whether questions are clear
Pilot
Bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose their own whether to participate in the sample
Voluntary Response Bias
A sample of individuals who are conveniently available
Convenience Sample
A sampling scheme that biases the sample in a way that gives a part of the population less representation than it has in the population
Under-coverage
Bias introduces when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond
Non-response Bias
Anything in a survey design that influences responses
Response Bias
