Chapter 12

Question 1

___ is an interconnected body of salt water that covers 71% of the Earth’s surface

Answer 1

World Ocean

Question 2

The ___ of water is a measure of the salt content

Answer 2

Salinity

Question 3

The warmest layer in the ocean

Answer 3

Surface Layer

Question 4

The layer in the ocean where wavelengths of light penetrate easily and photosynthetic organisms can live

Answer 4

Photic Zone

Question 5

The middle layer in the ocean, where temperature drops rapidly

Answer 5

Thermocline

Question 6

___ is when the density of water steeply declines

Answer 6

Pycnocline

Question 7

The layer in the ocean where there is enough light for for organisms to live but not enough light for photosynthesis

Answer 7

Dysphotic Zone

Question 8

The layer of the ocean that extends to the ocean floor

Answer 8

Deep Zone

Question 9

The layer of the ocean where no light reaches

Answer 9

Aphotic Zone

Question 10

___ means bottom

Answer 10

Benthic

Question 11

____ means from the west

Answer 11

Westerly

Question 12

____ means from the east

Answer 12

Easterly

Question 13

The global deep ocean current system is called the _____

Answer 13

Thermohaline System

Question 14

___ is where water off coast of Greenland and North Atlantic is very cold, also salty since the fresh water is in the sea ice

Answer 14

North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

Question 15

Where the North Atlantic Deep water mixes with the _____ water

Answer 15

Antarctic Bottom

Question 16

___ is where warmer currents flow from Indian Ocean back into the Atlantic and toward the North

Answer 16

Gulf Stream

Question 17

___ is the global sea level determined by the water in the ocean

Answer 17

Eustatic

Question 18

Regular, daily cycle of rising and falling sea level that results from gravitational action of the moon, sun and earth are called ____

Answer 18

Tides

Question 19

The highest elevation achieved by incoming water is called ___ height

Answer 19

Runup

Question 20

___ is the difference between high and low tide

Answer 20

Tidal Range

Question 21

long, narrow bays can have the incoming tide rush in, forming a steep-fronted wall of water called a ___

Answer 21

Tidal Bore

Question 22

A ____ is unusually high compared to its surroundings

Answer 22

Rogue Wave

Question 23

Stronger waves have a larger ____

Answer 23

Wavelength

Question 24

A line of breaking waves are called ___

Answer 24

Breakers

Question 25

The area between the line of breakers and the shore

Answer 25

Surf

Question 26

____ are localized narrow channels of water returning seaward from the shore

Answer 26

Rip Currents

Question 27

A series of waves approaching a shoreline at an angle to change their direction of movement is called ___

Answer 27

Refraction

Question 28

A ____ is within the surf zone and flows parallel to the coast

Answer 28

Longshore Current

Question 29

A ___ coast has elements that are usually vertical or overhanging wave-cut cliff

Answer 29

Rocky

Question 30

Wave-washed sediment along the coast is called ____

Answer 30

Beach

Question 31

a long, narrow, sandy island lying offshore and parallel to a low long coast is called a ___

Answer 31

Barrier Island

Question 32

During a storm, low parts on barrier islands can be washed away and eroded, these are called ___

Answer 32

Tidal Inlets

Question 33

Elongated ridges of sand and gravel that project from land into an open embayment along the coast is called a(n) ___

Answer 33

Spit

Question 34

A spit like ridge of sand that join an island to the mainland

Answer 34

Tombolo

Question 35

A(n) ____ could close of the mouth of a small bay

Answer 35

Bay Barriers

Question 36

Elongated bay lying inshore from a barrier island or other

Answer 36

Lagoon

Question 37

A hard structure on a shallow ocean floor

Answer 37

Reef

Question 38

___ reefs form coastlines that closely border the adjacent land

Answer 38

Fringing

Question 39

___ reefs are separated from the land by a lagoon

Answer 39

Barrier Reefs

Question 40

___ is when a midocean volcano with fringing reefs becomes dormant or extinct

Answer 40

Atoll

Question 41

___ require shallow, clear water

Answer 41

Corals

Question 42

___ is a measure of how much water is in the air

Answer 42

Humidity

Question 43

The temperature at which the relative humidity is 100% is the ___

Answer 43

Dew Point

Question 44

The most abundant element in the atmosphere is ____

Answer 44

Nitrogen

Question 45

The 2nd most abundant element in the atmosphere is ___

Answer 45

Oxygen

Question 46

The 3rd most abundant element in the atmosphere is ___

Answer 46

Argon

Question 47

a ___ separates each layer in the atmosphere

Answer 47

Pause

Question 48

The layer of the atmosphere that goes up until 15km in altitude is the ____

Answer 48

Troposphere

Question 49

The gas that absorbs the most heat in the atmosphere is ____

Answer 49

Carbon Dioxide

Question 50

The ____ is the absorbtion of long-wavelength (infrared) energy by radioactively active gases in the atmosphere, causing heat to be retained near Earth's surface

Answer 50

Greenhouse Effect

Question 51

The 2nd layer in the atmosphere is ___

Answer 51

Stratosphere

Question 52

The 3rd layer in the atmosphere is __

Answer 52

Mesosphere

Question 53

The highest layer in the atmosphere is the ___

Answer 53

Thermosphere

Question 54

___ is a measure of how much of the mass of atmosphere overlies a particular area

Answer 54

Air Pressure

Question 55

____ is an effect due to Earth's rotation, which causes a freely moving body to veer from a straight path

Answer 55

Coriolis Force

Question 56

The convection cell closest to the poles is ___

Answer 56

Polar Cell

Question 57

The convection cell closest to the equator is ___

Answer 57

Hadley Cells

Question 58

The convection cell above tbay is ___

Answer 58

Ferrel Cells

Question 59

the ____ is where warm air rises at the equator creating a low pressure zone

Answer 59

Intertropical Convergence Zone

Question 60

A(n) ___ is a northeasterly and southeasterly equatorial wind systems

Answer 60

Trade Wind

Question 61

___ are cold air that flows away from the poles is deflected to the right, giving rise to a wind system

Answer 61

Polar Easterlies

Question 62

____ are very rapid winds that flow in narrow channels between Ferrel and Hadley Cells

Answer 62

Jetstreams

Question 63

___ is the energy the ocean absorbs when water evaporates, and releases when water freezes

Answer 63

Latent Heat

Question 64

A(n) ___ is a wind system that is circulating around a low-pressure center

Answer 64

Cyclone

Question 65

___ are formed over the pacific ocean

Answer 65

Cyclones

Question 66

___ are formed over Indian ocean and western pacific

Answer 66

Typhoons

Question 67

A(n) ___ is formed over the Atlantic Ocean

Answer 67

Hurricanes

Question 68

During a ____, persistant trade winds blow westward across the tropical Pacific from the zone of upwelling water off Peru. The warm water collects in a large pool above the thermocline in the western Pacific. The moist maritime air rises and cools, bringing abundant rainfall to Indonesia and feeding the Asian monsoon

Answer 68

La Nina

Question 69

During a ____, the air pressure difference between the eastern and western Pacific decreases, causing the trade winds to weaken or reverse. Rising warm, moist air greatly increases rainfall in the mid-pacific, while descending cool, dry air brings drought conditions to Indonesia and Australia. Surface waters in the eastern Pacific are unusually warm, shutting off the supply of nutrients from upwelling deep, cold water. Weather is disrupted throughout half the planet during this time.

Answer 69

El Nino