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Geo Test 2 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

___ is an interconnected body of salt water that covers 71% of the Earth’s surface

A

World Ocean

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2
Q

The ___ of water is a measure of the salt content

A

Salinity

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3
Q

The warmest layer in the ocean

A

Surface Layer

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4
Q

The layer in the ocean where wavelengths of light penetrate easily and photosynthetic organisms can live

A

Photic Zone

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5
Q

The middle layer in the ocean, where temperature drops rapidly

A

Thermocline

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6
Q

___ is when the density of water steeply declines

A

Pycnocline

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7
Q

The layer in the ocean where there is enough light for for organisms to live but not enough light for photosynthesis

A

Dysphotic Zone

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8
Q

The layer of the ocean that extends to the ocean floor

A

Deep Zone

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9
Q

The layer of the ocean where no light reaches

A

Aphotic Zone

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10
Q

___ means bottom

A

Benthic

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11
Q

____ means from the west

A

Westerly

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12
Q

____ means from the east

A

Easterly

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13
Q

The global deep ocean current system is called the _____

A

Thermohaline System

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14
Q

___ is where water off coast of Greenland and North Atlantic is very cold, also salty since the fresh water is in the sea ice

A

North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

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15
Q

Where the North Atlantic Deep water mixes with the _____ water

A

Antarctic Bottom

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16
Q

___ is where warmer currents flow from Indian Ocean back into the Atlantic and toward the North

A

Gulf Stream

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17
Q

___ is the global sea level determined by the water in the ocean

A

Eustatic

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18
Q

Regular, daily cycle of rising and falling sea level that results from gravitational action of the moon, sun and earth are called ____

A

Tides

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19
Q

The highest elevation achieved by incoming water is called ___ height

A

Runup

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20
Q

___ is the difference between high and low tide

A

Tidal Range

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21
Q

long, narrow bays can have the incoming tide rush in, forming a steep-fronted wall of water called a ___

A

Tidal Bore

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22
Q

A ____ is unusually high compared to its surroundings

A

Rogue Wave

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23
Q

Stronger waves have a larger ____

A

Wavelength

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24
Q

A line of breaking waves are called ___

A

Breakers

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25
Q

The area between the line of breakers and the shore

A

Surf

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26
Q

____ are localized narrow channels of water returning seaward from the shore

A

Rip Currents

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27
Q

A series of waves approaching a shoreline at an angle to change their direction of movement is called ___

A

Refraction

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28
Q

A ____ is within the surf zone and flows parallel to the coast

A

Longshore Current

29
Q

A ___ coast has elements that are usually vertical or overhanging wave-cut cliff

A

Rocky

30
Q

Wave-washed sediment along the coast is called ____

A

Beach

31
Q

a long, narrow, sandy island lying offshore and parallel to a low long coast is called a ___

A

Barrier Island

32
Q

During a storm, low parts on barrier islands can be washed away and eroded, these are called ___

A

Tidal Inlets

33
Q

Elongated ridges of sand and gravel that project from land into an open embayment along the coast is called a(n) ___

A

Spit

34
Q

A spit like ridge of sand that join an island to the mainland

A

Tombolo

35
Q

A(n) ____ could close of the mouth of a small bay

A

Bay Barriers

36
Q

Elongated bay lying inshore from a barrier island or other

A

Lagoon

37
Q

A hard structure on a shallow ocean floor

A

Reef

38
Q

___ reefs form coastlines that closely border the adjacent land

A

Fringing

39
Q

___ reefs are separated from the land by a lagoon

A

Barrier Reefs

40
Q

___ is when a midocean volcano with fringing reefs becomes dormant or extinct

A

Atoll

41
Q

___ require shallow, clear water

A

Corals

42
Q

___ is a measure of how much water is in the air

A

Humidity

43
Q

The temperature at which the relative humidity is 100% is the ___

A

Dew Point

44
Q

The most abundant element in the atmosphere is ____

A

Nitrogen

45
Q

The 2nd most abundant element in the atmosphere is ___

A

Oxygen

46
Q

The 3rd most abundant element in the atmosphere is ___

A

Argon

47
Q

a ___ separates each layer in the atmosphere

A

Pause

48
Q

The layer of the atmosphere that goes up until 15km in altitude is the ____

A

Troposphere

49
Q

The gas that absorbs the most heat in the atmosphere is ____

A

Carbon Dioxide

50
Q

The ____ is the absorbtion of long-wavelength (infrared) energy by radioactively active gases in the atmosphere, causing heat to be retained near Earth’s surface

A

Greenhouse Effect

51
Q

The 2nd layer in the atmosphere is ___

A

Stratosphere

52
Q

The 3rd layer in the atmosphere is __

A

Mesosphere

53
Q

The highest layer in the atmosphere is the ___

A

Thermosphere

54
Q

___ is a measure of how much of the mass of atmosphere overlies a particular area

A

Air Pressure

55
Q

____ is an effect due to Earth’s rotation, which causes a freely moving body to veer from a straight path

A

Coriolis Force

56
Q

The convection cell closest to the poles is ___

A

Polar Cell

57
Q

The convection cell closest to the equator is ___

A

Hadley Cells

58
Q

The convection cell above tbay is ___

A

Ferrel Cells

59
Q

the ____ is where warm air rises at the equator creating a low pressure zone

A

Intertropical Convergence Zone

60
Q

A(n) ___ is a northeasterly and southeasterly equatorial wind systems

A

Trade Wind

61
Q

___ are cold air that flows away from the poles is deflected to the right, giving rise to a wind system

A

Polar Easterlies

62
Q

____ are very rapid winds that flow in narrow channels between Ferrel and Hadley Cells

A

Jetstreams

63
Q

___ is the energy the ocean absorbs when water evaporates, and releases when water freezes

A

Latent Heat

64
Q

A(n) ___ is a wind system that is circulating around a low-pressure center

A

Cyclone

65
Q

___ are formed over the pacific ocean

A

Cyclones

66
Q

___ are formed over Indian ocean and western pacific

A

Typhoons

67
Q

A(n) ___ is formed over the Atlantic Ocean

A

Hurricanes

68
Q

During a ____, persistant trade winds blow westward across the tropical Pacific from the zone of upwelling water off Peru. The warm water collects in a large pool above the thermocline in the western Pacific. The moist maritime air rises and cools, bringing abundant rainfall to Indonesia and feeding the Asian monsoon

A

La Nina

69
Q

During a ____, the air pressure difference between the eastern and western Pacific decreases, causing the trade winds to weaken or reverse. Rising warm, moist air greatly increases rainfall in the mid-pacific, while descending cool, dry air brings drought conditions to Indonesia and Australia. Surface waters in the eastern Pacific are unusually warm, shutting off the supply of nutrients from upwelling deep, cold water. Weather is disrupted throughout half the planet during this time.

A

El Nino

Geo Test 2 (4 decks)

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