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Bio 101 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Myotome

A

A region of the skeletal mm innervated by motor fibers of a specific spinal nerve

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1
Q

Dermatomes

A

Are an area of the skin that is innervated by a single spinal nerve.

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2
Q

(External Cord Anatomy)

What are the two types of connective tissues coverings protect the cord?

A

Vertebral: provides the backbone

Spinal meninges: surrounding the cord as a continuation of the cranial meninges that encircle the brain.

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3
Q

What are the subdivisions of the PNS?

A

somatic neurons
autonomic nervous system
enteric nervous system

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4
Q

what is Neurology?

A

deals with normal function and disorders of nervous system

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5
Q

what role do neuroglia (glial cells) play?

A

a role in support and nutrition of the brain, they maintain the internal environment so that neurons can do their jobs

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6
Q

is somatic sensory afferent or efferent neurons?

A

afferent they convey information toward the CNS

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7
Q

is somatic motor efferent or afferent neurons?

A

motor neurons are efferent because they conduct impulses away from the CNS toward the muscles

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8
Q

what do interneurons do?

A

they conduct impulses between afferent and efferent neurons with in the CNS

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9
Q

what are ganglia?

A

they are small masses of neuronal cell bodies located outside the brain and spinal cord.

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10
Q

neuroglia have been called ….

A

the glue that supports and maintains the neuronal networks.

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11
Q

what is considered the real functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neurons

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12
Q

what are the names of the four neuroglia in the CNS?

A

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

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13
Q

what are the 2 types neuroglia in the PNS?

A

Satellite cells- support neurons in PNS

Schwann Cells- produce myelin in PNS

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14
Q

what is myelination

A

is the process of forming a myelin sheath which insulates and increases nerve impulse speed

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15
Q

what is a ligand-gated channel?

A

they respond to a neurotransmitter and are mainly concentrated at the synapse.

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16
Q

what is a voltage-gated channel?

A

channels that respond to changes in the transmembrane electrical potential and are mainly located along the neuronal axon

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17
Q

what is a mechanically-gated channel?

A

they respond to mechanical deformation by applying pressure to a receptor

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18
Q

the term leakage channels are what?

A

channels that also gated but they are not active and they open and close randomly.

19
Q

Astrocytes do this?

A

Keep the fluid milieu surrounding the neurons as action potential friendly

20
Q

Oligodendrocytes do this?

A

Provide neurons with myelinated sheaths and establish an assistance network for neurons

21
Q

Microglia cells do this?

A

Are the guardian cells that protect the nervous system from microbial invaders

22
Q

This lobe is associated with reasoning, planning parts of speech movement, emotions and problem-solving

A

Frontal lobe

23
Q

This lobe is associated with movement orientation recognition perception of stimuli

A

Parietal lobe

24
Q

This lobe is associated with visual processing

A

Occipital lobe

25
Q

The lobe involves perception and recognition and auditory stimuli memory and speech

A

Temporal lobe

26
Q

Where is cerebral spinal fluid found

A

In the four ventricles and around the subarachnoid space

27
Q

Where is the cerebral spinal fluid produced

A

Choroid plexuse’s

28
Q

What are the four layers of the G.I. tract from deep to superficial

A

Mucosa, submucosa muscularis and serosa

29
Q

What are the lobes of the brain

A

Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe

30
Q

What is known as the seat of intelligence

A

The cerebrum

31
Q

what is an efferent pathway?

A

the somatic motor efferent neuron conducts impulses away from the CNS towards the skeletal muscles.

32
Q

what is an afferent pathway?

A

the somatic sensory afferent neurons convey information from sensory receptors towards the CNS

33
Q

what is an efferent pathway?

A

the somatic motor efferent neuron conducts impulses away from the CNS towards the skeletal muscles.

34
Q

what is an afferent pathway?

A

the somatic sensory afferent neurons convey information from sensory receptors towards the CNS

35
Q

Somatic sensory tracts (cuneate fasciculus)

A

Conveys nerve impulses for touch pressure vibration conscious proprioception from upper limbs upper trunk snack and posterior head.

36
Q

Spinothalamic

A

Conveys nerve impulses for pain,cold, warm itch and tickle from limbs, trunk, neck and posterior head

37
Q

Trigeminothalamic

A

Conveys nerve impulses for touch,pressure vibration, pain ,cold ,warm itch and tickle from face, nasal cavity,oral cavity and teeth

38
Q

Anterior and posterior spinocerebellar

A

Conveys impulses from proprioceptor’s in trunk and lower limbs of one side of the body to the same side of the cerebellum

39
Q

Lateral corticospinal

A

Conveys nerve impulses form motor cortex to skeletal muscle on the opposite side of the body for precise voluntary movements of distal parts of limbs

40
Q

Corticobulbar

A

Conveys nerve impulses from motor cortex to skeletal muscles of head and neck to coordinate precise voluntary movements

41
Q

Rubrospinal

A

Conveys nerve impulses from red nuclear us which receives input from cerebral cortex and cerebellum to contralateral skeletal muscles that govern precise voluntary movements of distal parts and upper limbs

42
Q

Tectospinal

A

Conveys nerve impulses from superior colliculus to contralateral skeletal muscles that reflexively move head eyes and trunk in response to visual or auditory stimuli

43
Q

Vestibulospinal

A

Conveys nerve impulses from this to be there panniculus which receives input about head movements from inner ear to ipsilateral skeletal muscle of trunks and proximal parts of limbs for the maintaining posture and balance in response to head movements

44
Q

Medial and lateral reticulospinal

A

Conveys nerve impulses from reticular formation’s to ipsilateral skeleton muscles of trunk and proximal parts of limbs for maintaining posture and regulating muscle tone in response to ongoing body movements

Bio 101 (3 decks)

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