Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

IaMF

A

intramolecular interactions; forces that occurs within a molecule

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2
Q

IMF

A

intermolecular interactions; forced that occur between individual molecules

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3
Q

Covalent bonds are classified as…

A

IaMF

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4
Q

IMF strength can determine…

A

the physical state of a molecular substance at a particular temperature and pressure

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5
Q

T/F: Covalent bonds break during chemical changes.

A

true; depending on the reaction

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6
Q

T/F: Covalent bonds break during physical changes.

A

false; only chemical (possibly)

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7
Q

Higher temperature […] attractive forces.

Lower temperature […] attractive forces.

A

greater than; less than

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8
Q

Sublimation:

A

phase change where a solid coverts to a gas

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9
Q

Deposition:

A

phase change where a gas converts to a solid

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10
Q

Triple point:

A

all 3 phases coexist

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11
Q

Critical point:

A

blend b/w gas and liquid; there is no distinct line

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12
Q

Bonding forces are […] because […] are closer together.

A

relatively stronger; larger charges

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13
Q

IMF are […] because […] are farther apart.

A

relatively weaker; smaller charges

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14
Q

List the bonding forces from strongest to weakest:

A

Ionic > Covalent > Metallic

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15
Q

Ionic deals with a […] while covalent has the […]. Metallic bonding has […].

A

cation-anion; nuclei share; cations delocalized

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16
Q

List the nonbonding forces from weakest to strongest:

A

Dispersion < Dipole Induced Dipole < Ion Induced Dipole < Dipole-Dipole < H-bond < Ion-Dipole

17
Q

Example of Ion-Dipole:

18
Q

Example of H-bond:

A

H-X

*X = N, O, F

19
Q

Example of Dipole-Dipole:

A

I-Cl—I-Cl

20
Q

Example of Ion Induced Dipole:

21
Q

Example of Dipole Induced Dipole:

A

H-Cl—Cl-Cl

22
Q

Example of Dispersion:

23
Q

Phase change chart: what is on the x-axis? the y?

A

x-axis: temperature

y-axis: pressure

24
Q

Heat curve: if the gas is plotted on the left side, going from left to right what is happening to the heat?

A

heat is being released (exothermic)

25
Polarizability:
describes the ability of an electron cloud to shift in response to its environment (does it enhance or induces polarity)
26
Surface tension depends on...
the temperature and IMF
27
Surface tension: if the temperature increases what happens to the SA?
decreases
28
Surface tension: the stronger the IMF...
the more energy it will take to increase the SA
29
Surface tension is the result of a [...] and [...] on the surface particles of a liquid.
net downward; inward
30
Water is denser in its liquid state (compared to solid) because...
tetrahedral shape allows the molecules to pack closer together and more randomly
31
What is different about the solid state of water?
less dense due to the space created by the hexagonal rings water molecules form
32
Viscosity:
resistance for fluid to flow
33
What factors influence viscosity?
IMF, temperature, and molecular shape
34
The stronger the IMF, the [...] in viscosity. The higher the temperature, the [...] in viscosity.
increase decrease
35
Viscosity: which has a larger resistance, butanol or ethanol?
ethanol since it is a smaller structure; the longer/larger the structure the more entanglement occurs
36
MO-BT: what two bands are formed?
valence and covalent bands