Chapter 12

Question 1

IaMF

Answer 1

intramolecular interactions; forces that occurs within a molecule

Question 2

IMF

Answer 2

intermolecular interactions; forced that occur between individual molecules

Question 3

Covalent bonds are classified as…

Answer 3

IaMF

Question 4

IMF strength can determine…

Answer 4

the physical state of a molecular substance at a particular temperature and pressure

Question 5

T/F: Covalent bonds break during chemical changes.

Answer 5

true; depending on the reaction

Question 6

T/F: Covalent bonds break during physical changes.

Answer 6

false; only chemical (possibly)

Question 7

Higher temperature […] attractive forces.

Lower temperature […] attractive forces.

Answer 7

greater than; less than

Question 8

Sublimation:

Answer 8

phase change where a solid coverts to a gas

Question 9

Deposition:

Answer 9

phase change where a gas converts to a solid

Question 10

Triple point:

Answer 10

all 3 phases coexist

Question 11

Critical point:

Answer 11

blend b/w gas and liquid; there is no distinct line

Question 12

Bonding forces are […] because […] are closer together.

Answer 12

relatively stronger; larger charges

Question 13

IMF are […] because […] are farther apart.

Answer 13

relatively weaker; smaller charges

Question 14

List the bonding forces from strongest to weakest:

Answer 14

Ionic > Covalent > Metallic

Question 15

Ionic deals with a […] while covalent has the […]. Metallic bonding has […].

Answer 15

cation-anion; nuclei share; cations delocalized

Question 16

List the nonbonding forces from weakest to strongest:

Answer 16

Dispersion < Dipole Induced Dipole < Ion Induced Dipole < Dipole-Dipole < H-bond < Ion-Dipole

Question 17

Example of Ion-Dipole:

Answer 17

Na—OH2

Question 18

Example of H-bond:

Answer 18

H-X

*X = N, O, F

Question 19

Example of Dipole-Dipole:

Answer 19

I-Cl—I-Cl

Question 20

Example of Ion Induced Dipole:

Answer 20

Fe—O2

Question 21

Example of Dipole Induced Dipole:

Answer 21

H-Cl—Cl-Cl

Question 22

Example of Dispersion:

Answer 22

F-F—F-F

Question 23

Phase change chart: what is on the x-axis? the y?

Answer 23

x-axis: temperature

y-axis: pressure

Question 24

Heat curve: if the gas is plotted on the left side, going from left to right what is happening to the heat?

Answer 24

heat is being released (exothermic)

Question 25

Polarizability:

Answer 25

describes the ability of an electron cloud to shift in response to its environment (does it enhance or induces polarity)

Question 26

Surface tension depends on…

Answer 26

the temperature and IMF

Question 27

Surface tension: if the temperature increases what happens to the SA?

Answer 27

decreases

Question 28

Surface tension: the stronger the IMF…

Answer 28

the more energy it will take to increase the SA

Question 29

Surface tension is the result of a […] and […] on the surface particles of a liquid.

Answer 29

net downward; inward

Question 30

Water is denser in its liquid state (compared to solid) because…

Answer 30

tetrahedral shape allows the molecules to pack closer together and more randomly

Question 31

What is different about the solid state of water?

Answer 31

less dense due to the space created by the hexagonal rings water molecules form

Question 32

Viscosity:

Answer 32

resistance for fluid to flow

Question 33

What factors influence viscosity?

Answer 33

IMF, temperature, and molecular shape

Question 34

The stronger the IMF, the […] in viscosity.

The higher the temperature, the […] in viscosity.

Answer 34

increase

decrease

Question 35

Viscosity: which has a larger resistance, butanol or ethanol?

Answer 35

ethanol since it is a smaller structure; the longer/larger the structure the more entanglement occurs

Question 36

MO-BT: what two bands are formed?

Answer 36

valence and covalent bands