Chapter 12 Flashcards
IaMF
intramolecular interactions; forces that occurs within a molecule
IMF
intermolecular interactions; forced that occur between individual molecules
Covalent bonds are classified as…
IaMF
IMF strength can determine…
the physical state of a molecular substance at a particular temperature and pressure
T/F: Covalent bonds break during chemical changes.
true; depending on the reaction
T/F: Covalent bonds break during physical changes.
false; only chemical (possibly)
Higher temperature […] attractive forces.
Lower temperature […] attractive forces.
greater than; less than
Sublimation:
phase change where a solid coverts to a gas
Deposition:
phase change where a gas converts to a solid
Triple point:
all 3 phases coexist
Critical point:
blend b/w gas and liquid; there is no distinct line
Bonding forces are […] because […] are closer together.
relatively stronger; larger charges
IMF are […] because […] are farther apart.
relatively weaker; smaller charges
List the bonding forces from strongest to weakest:
Ionic > Covalent > Metallic
Ionic deals with a […] while covalent has the […]. Metallic bonding has […].
cation-anion; nuclei share; cations delocalized
List the nonbonding forces from weakest to strongest:
Dispersion < Dipole Induced Dipole < Ion Induced Dipole < Dipole-Dipole < H-bond < Ion-Dipole
Example of Ion-Dipole:
Na—OH2
Example of H-bond:
H-X
*X = N, O, F
Example of Dipole-Dipole:
I-Cl—I-Cl
Example of Ion Induced Dipole:
Fe—O2
Example of Dipole Induced Dipole:
H-Cl—Cl-Cl
Example of Dispersion:
F-F—F-F
Phase change chart: what is on the x-axis? the y?
x-axis: temperature
y-axis: pressure
Heat curve: if the gas is plotted on the left side, going from left to right what is happening to the heat?
heat is being released (exothermic)
Polarizability:
describes the ability of an electron cloud to shift in response to its environment (does it enhance or induces polarity)
Surface tension depends on…
the temperature and IMF
Surface tension: if the temperature increases what happens to the SA?
decreases
Surface tension: the stronger the IMF…
the more energy it will take to increase the SA
Surface tension is the result of a […] and […] on the surface particles of a liquid.
net downward; inward
Water is denser in its liquid state (compared to solid) because…
tetrahedral shape allows the molecules to pack closer together and more randomly
What is different about the solid state of water?
less dense due to the space created by the hexagonal rings water molecules form
Viscosity:
resistance for fluid to flow
What factors influence viscosity?
IMF, temperature, and molecular shape
The stronger the IMF, the […] in viscosity.
The higher the temperature, the […] in viscosity.
increase
decrease
Viscosity: which has a larger resistance, butanol or ethanol?
ethanol since it is a smaller structure; the longer/larger the structure the more entanglement occurs
MO-BT: what two bands are formed?
valence and covalent bands
