Chapter 11 - Work and Unemployment

Question 1

Global Economy

Answer 1

AN interconnected network of economic activity that transcends national borders

Question 2

Economic Institution

Answer 2

The structure and means by which society produces, distributes, and consumes goods and services

Question 3

Capitalism

Answer 3

An economic system in which private individuals or groups invest capital to produces goods and services, for a profit in a competitive market

Question 4

Socialism

Answer 4

An economic ideology that emphasizes public rather than private ownership. Theoretically, goods and services are equitably distributed according to the needs of the citizen

Question 5

Convergence Hypothesis

Answer 5

The argument that capitalist countries will adopt elements of socialism and socialist countries will adopt elements of capitalism; that is, the will converge

Question 6

Corporate Multi-nationalism

Answer 6

The practice of corporations having their home base in one country and branches into other countries

Question 7

Work Sectors:
Primary -
Secondary -
Tertiary -

Answer 7

Primary: Raw materials or food goods
Secondary: Manufactured goods from raw materials
Tertiary: Professional, manger, support jobs

Question 8

Brain Drain

Answer 8

The phenomenon whereby many individuals with the highest level of skill and education leave the country in search of work

Question 9

Technostress

Answer 9

Stress that arises specifically from having too many tasks to perform simultaneously, while keeping up with perpetually changing demands to operate new and emerging technologies

Question 10

Anomie

Answer 10

A state of normlessness in which norms and values are weak or unclear; results from rapid social change and is linked to many social problems including crime, drug, violence and addiction

Question 11

Discrimination Management

Answer 11

Individual efforts to prevent being targeted for discriminatory behaviours in the workplace

Question 12

Bonded Labour

Answer 12

The repayment of debt through labour

Question 13

Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Repetitive Strain Disorder

Answer 13

Work place injury that includes: muscle, tendon, vascular and nerve injuries. Usually from jobs that require a lot of upper body work

Question 14

Alienation

Answer 14

Used by Karl Marx to describe the condition when workers feel powerlessness and meaningless as a result of performing repetitive isolating work tasks

Question 15

Unemployment

Answer 15

Describes those who wants to work but are unable to work, or have no work present

Question 16

Underemployment

Answer 16

Employment in a job that is underpaid; is not commensurate with one’s skills, experience or education, or involves working fewer than desired hours

Question 17

Discriminatory Unemployment

Answer 17

High rates of unemployment among particular social groups such as racial and ethnic minorities

Question 18

Structural Unemployment

Answer 18

When there are not enough jobs available for those who want them; unemployment that results from structural variable; such as government and business downsizing

Question 19

Corporate Downsizing

Answer 19

Discharging large numbers of employees, euphemism for mass firing

Question 20

Job exportation

Answer 20

Relocating of jobs to other countries where products can be produced more cheaply

Question 21

Automation

Answer 21

Technology that is self-operated and accomplishes tasks formerly done by workers

Question 22

Split Labour Market

Answer 22

The existence of primary and secondary labour markets,
Primary refers to jobs that are stable and economically rewarding and have many benefits
Secondary refers to labour market refers to jobs that offer little pay, no security, few benefits and little chance for advancement

Question 23

Behaviour-based safety program

Answer 23

Controversial health and safety strategy used by business management in which health and safety problems in the workplace are attributed to workers’ behaviour rather than to work processes and conditions

Question 24

Flextime

Answer 24

An option in work scheduling that allows employees to begin and end the workday at different times as long as they perform a given number of hours of work per week

Question 25

Job Sharing

Answer 25

A work option in which two people share and are paid for one job

Question 26

Compressed Workweek

Answer 26

A workplace option in which employees work a full week, full time but in four rather than 5 days