Chapter 10 - Poverty Flashcards
Poverty
Lacking resources for an “adequate” standard of living
Absolute Povety
The chronic absence of the basic necessities of life. Including food, clean water, and housing
Relative Poverty
A deficiency in material and economic resources compared with some other population
HPI
A composite measure of poverty based on three measures of deprivation:
- Deprivation to life
- Deprivation of knowledge
- Deprivation of living standards
LICOs
Stats Canada measure of poverty, people who spend more than 54.7% of their pre-tax income on their basic needs: food, clothing, and shelter
Market Basket Measure
An assessment of the minimum level of income required to provide for the basic needs that a given society would find it “indecent” to be without
Low-income Measure
Family’s needs increase by 40% with each added adult, and 30% with each added child
Wealthfare
Governmental policies and regulations that economically favour the wealthy
Corporate Welfare
Laws and policies that favour corporations, such as low-interest government loans to failing businesses and special subsidies and tax breaks to corporations
Culture of Poverty
The set of norms, values and beliefs and self-concept that contribute to the persistence of poverty among the underclass
Underclass
A persistently poor and socially disadvantaged group that disproportionately experiences joblessness, welfare dependency, involvement in criminal activity, dysfunctional families, and low educational attainment
Gender-based Analysis
Feminist policy analysis that understands gender to be a key factor in vulnerability to poverty and the differential effects of poverty; it uses gender as a central grounding point for analysis
Narrative analysis
A feminist practice that combines a symbolic approach with the collection of women’s life histories as legitimate sources of knowledge and information
Wealth
The total assets of an individual or household minus liabilities
Feminization of Poverty
The disproportionate distribution of poverty among women
Intergenerational Poverty
Poverty that is transmitted from one generation to the next
Family Allowance
Canadian program in 1945 which gave a monthly allowance to families with children
Demogrant
A benefit directed at a particular group within the population
Canada Child Tax Benefit
A tax-free monthly payment made to eligible families to help them with the cost of raising children under the age of 18
National Child Benefit Supplement
A monthly benefit for low-income families with children that is the federal government’s contribution to the NCB
National Child Benefit
July 1998 NCB is a joint initiative of federal, provincial, and territorial government designed to help prevent and reduce the depth of child poverty and to promote attachment to the workforce
Family Supplement
Those families with children in a low-income situation and who receive the CCTB automatically receive the FS based on their family net income
Dominion Provincial Student Aid Program
Act passed by federal government in 1939 that contributed to each participating province and the province was expected to provide an equal amount of assistance to students
Pay Equity
“equal pay for equal work”
- Between men and women
Human Capital
- The skills, knowledge, and capabilities of an individual
