Chapter 11 Vocabulary - DNA, RNA & Proteins

Question 1

Anticodon

Answer 1

a set of three nucleotides that base-pairs with an mRNA codon in a tRNA

Question 2

Codon

Answer 2

a nucleotide base triplet that codes for an amino acid or stop signal during translation in an mRNA

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

a chromosomal DNA sequence that encodes an RNA or protein product

Question 4

Gene Expression

Answer 4

the multistep process by which the information in a gene guides assembly of an RNA or protein product; includes transcription and translation

Question 5

Replication

Answer 5

the process by which a cell duplicates all of its DNA before it divides

Question 6

RNA

Answer 6

a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule that functions mainly in protein synthesis from DNA templates.

Question 7

Transcription

Answer 7

the process in which enzymes use DNA as a template to assemble RNA; part of gene expression

Question 8

Translation

Answer 8

the process in which a polypeptide chain is assembled from amino acids in the order specified by an mRNA

Question 9

DNA Polymerase

Answer 9

an enzyme that carries out DNA replication; it uses a DNA template to assemble a complementary strand of DNA

Question 10

RNA Polymerase

Answer 10

An enzyme that carries out transcription.

Question 11

tRNA

Answer 11

Delivers amino acids to ribosomes one by one; variation RNA

Question 12

mRNA

Answer 12

Functions as “messenger” between DNA and the products encoded by it; variation of RNA

Question 13

rRNA

Answer 13

the main component of ribosomes, which are the organelles that combine amino acids into polypeptide chains.

Question 14

Epigenetic

Answer 14

a heritable and stable change in gene expression that occurs through chromosomal changes rather DNA sequence changes