Chapter 1.1: Thermodynamic of engine Flashcards

1
Q

which FAR part is on engine regulation?

A

FAR part 33

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2
Q

Which Newton law is thrust and engine based on?

A

thrust: 2nd law (F = ma)

whole engine: 3rd law (equal & opposite reaction)

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3
Q

what are the 5 stages of the engine?

A

inlet > compressor > combustion > turbine> exhaust

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4
Q

which part of the engine is responsible for producing thrust?

A

exhaust nozzle

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5
Q

what is the convergent-divergent duct based on?

A

mass flow rate = ρAV

ṁ and ρ is constant so only A & V can change

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6
Q

where can Bernoulli’s Theorem be applicable within the engine?

A

inlet, diffuser, exhaust

other parts have mechanical interference

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7
Q

which part of the engine has the highest pressure?

A

compressor outlet or combustor inlet/outlet

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8
Q

what should be constant in the combustion chamber?

A

pressure

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9
Q

which part of the engine has the highest temperature and stress?

A

turbine inlet temperature (TIT) or combustion outlet

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10
Q

what is an air-breathing engine?

A

engine that uses atm air as engine working fluid

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11
Q

how does turbojet and turboprop engines produce thrust?

A

turbojet: big acceleration, small mass of air

turboprop: small acceleration, big mass of air

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12
Q

what does the turbine do?

A

extract energy from hot gas to turn compressor

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13
Q

what will be the same for a set of turbine and compressor?

A

rpm on same spool

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14
Q

where does the remaining energy from turbine go?

A

exit exhaust as thrust

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15
Q

what is the use of the compressor?

A

add energy to gas (compressor work on gas)

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16
Q

what is the combustor job?

A

burn fuel air mixture to create large amount of energy to gas

17
Q

thrust producing and torque producing engines

A

thrust: turbojet & turbofan

torque: turboshaft & turboprop

18
Q

at which condition does turboprop engine gives maximum thrust?

A

low speed

19
Q

what does the turboprop compressor turbine drive?

A

centrifugal compressor, accessory gearbox

20
Q

what is a free turbine and what is it for?

A

not mechanically connected with compressor

drive propeller output shaft

21
Q

what will be different between propeller shaft and compressor?

A

rpm

22
Q

on which types on engine would free turbines appear on?

A

turboshaft/prop

23
Q

what is the reduction gearbox responsible for?

A

converting high rpm to low rpm

24
Q

why does turboprop propeller need to have low rpm?

A

high radius and low rpm to prevent mach 1 ( v = rω)

25
Q

how does turboshaft engine work?

A

delivers power through shaft to main gear box that drives rotor blades

26
Q

at what condition does turboshaft engine deliver maximum shaft output?

A

low speed and altitudes

27
Q

application of turboshaft?

A

APU and helicopters

28
Q

which part of turbofan produces the most of the thrust?

A

80% of thrust by fan blades

29
Q

turbofan features

A

improved fuel consump. , propulsive efficiency, reduced noise level

by increasing mass flow, decrease exhaust velocity

30
Q

turbojet characteristics

A

1) low propulsive efficiency at low velocity
2) longer takeoff run
3) high TSFC at low altitude and speed
4) small frontal area
5) low weight

31
Q

turboprop characteristics

A

1) high propulsive efficiency at low airspeed
2) shorter takeoff run
3) low TSFC at low altitude and speed
4) large frontal area
5) efficient reverse thrust (adjusting pitch angle)

32
Q

turbofan characteristics

A

1) propulsive efficiency increases as airspeed up till mach 1
2) weight and TSFC between jet and prop
3) lesser noise than turbojet

33
Q

advantages of gas turbine engines

A

1) high power to weight ratio
2) smaller size and lesser vibration than piston engine
3) fewer moving parts
4) high operation speeds
5) can generate higher thrust

34
Q

disadvantages of gas turbine engines

A

1) higher cost
2) complex machining
3) less fuel efficient than piston engines