Chapter 11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jefferson Republic Flashcards
Who faced each other in the presidential contest of 1800?
John Adams and Thomas Jefferson
What did Adam’s Federalists waged for?
Adams’s Federalists waged a defensive struggle for strong central government and public order.
What was Jeffersonian’s stance?
Their Jeffersonian opponents presented
themselves as the guardians of agrarian purity, liberty,
and states’ rights.
Why did Federalists aroused a host of enemies?
Alien and Sedition
Acts
What was the most damaging blow to the Federalists?
the refusal of Adams to give them a rousing fight with
France
Due to the military preparations what was John Adams known as?
“the Father of the American Navy.’’
As a liberal in religion, Jefferson wanted what?
to separate church and state in his native
Virginia.
preachers throughout New England, stronghold
of Federalism and Congregationalism believed what of Jefferson?
He alleged atheism
Why did New York favored Jeffersonians in the election of 1800?
largely because Aaron Burr, a master wire-puller, turned New York to Jefferson by the narrowest of margins.
Why was there a deadlock?
Burr, his vicepresidential
running mate, received the same number
of electoral votes for the presidency.
How did they dealt with the deadlock
Under the
Constitution the tie could be broken only by the
House of Representatives (see Art. II, Sec. I, para. 2).
How did the deadlock finally end?
After months, since a new president was needed quickly, a few votes were changed and Jefferson was elected. The change was at the urging of Alexander Hamilton and John Adams who knew that a Burr victory would be blamed on Federalists and thus doom their party.
What was Jefferson’s mission?
Jefferson’s mission, as he saw it, was to
restore the republican experiment, to check the
growth of government power, and to halt the decay of
virtue that had set in under Federalist rule.
Why was the election called the Revolution of 1800?
- There was a peaceful exchange of power between two parties in a major nation. This was a historic first for the U.S. and the world.
- The Republicans were something of the “people’s party” and, through Jefferson, the people sort of entered the White House.
When was Jefferson inaugurated?
March 4, 1801, in the swampy village of Washington,
the crude new national capital.
How did he soothe Federalist views?
His goal was to soothe Federalists fears by saying, “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”
What was his stance on foreign affairs?
“…honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none.”
how was Jefferson unconventional?
He was a sloppy dresser and frugal.
He made a point of not being or appearing aristocratic, the way the Federalists might have done things.
He wore simple worker’s clothes.
He rode around Washington horseback (as opposed to a carriage that he felt too royal).
He seated guests at the White House in random order (as opposed to seating by “rank”).
He started the tradition of reporting to Congress through a clerk (rather than himself which he felt too pompous).
What were the two jeffersons
First, the scholarly philosopher.
Second, the politician who learned that theories don’t always work out cleanly in real life.
What did the new naturalization law of 1802 do?
This
act reduced the unreasonable requirement of fourteen
years of residence to the previous and more
reasonable requirement of five years.
In opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts, what did Jefferson do?
He pardoned those who’d been convicted under the Sedition Act.
What was the drawback of replealing the excise tax?
The drawback here was not getting the $1 million per year in revenue.
What did Albert Gallatin do?
The Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin was very capable at budgeting the nation. Despite little income, he managed to balance the budget and reduce the debt.
By shrewdly absorbing the major Federalist programs, what is Jefferson showed?
Jefferson showed that a change of regime
need not be disastrous for the defeated group.
What was the Judiciary Act of 1801?
The “deathbed’’ Judiciary Act of 1801 was one of the
last important laws passed by the expiring Federalist
Congress. It created sixteen new federal judgeships
and other judicial offices.
Why did John Adams packed the federal courts with “midnight judges”.
The goal was to pack the federal government with Federalist judges, who serve for life, and thereby sustain the Federalist influence.
Who was the long lasting Federalist cause?
John Marshall
What was Marshall committed to?
committed
above all else to strengthening the power of the federal
government.
What happended in the Marbury v. Madison in 1803?
The technicalities of the case involved a judge (Marbury) not being appointed to a bench by Sec. of State Madison, then Marbury appealing to get that appointment.
The case created what?
“judicial review”—the power of the Court to review the constitutionality of laws and keep or strike them. This is the Courts supreme power.
What was Jefferson’s revenge?
The Republicans in the House voted to impeach Supreme Court justice Samuel Chase for “high crimes and misdemeanors” (as the Constitution prescribes).
Why could Supreme Court justice Samuel Chase not be impeached?
But, in the Senate trial, it became clear there were no crimes or misdemeanors, just loud-mouthing. Chase was not kicked off the Court.
What did the failure to kick out Chase showed?
judicial branch truly was independent of the other two branches.
What was Jefferson’s first action as president?
One of Jefferson’s first actions as president was to
reduce the military establishment to a mere police
force of twenty-five hundred officers and men.
What was the issue in the Mediterranean Sea?
n the Med. Sea, North African “Barbary Pirates” were pirating American (and European) ships.
Why did the pasha of Tripoli declare war on United States
The showdown came in 1801.
The pasha of Tripoli, dissatisfied with his share of
protection money, informally declared war on the
United States by cutting down the flagstaff of the
American consulate.
