Chapter 11: The Humanistic Approach

Question 0

Existential Philosophy

Answer 0

• The Meaning of our Existence
• The role of free will
• Uniqueness of each human being
• Existential psychotherapy focuses on existential anxiety

Question 1

Humanistic Psych evolved from…

Answer 1

1. Existential philosophy

2. American psychologists Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Question 2

Humanistic Approach

Answer 2

1. An emphasis on personal responsibility
2. An emphasis on the “here and now”
3. A focus on the experience of the individual
4. An emphasis on personal growth

Question 3

Humanistic psychologists see people as

Answer 3

Active shapers of their own lives, with freedom to change limited only by personal constraints

Question 4

According to the humanistic perspective

Answer 4

We cannot become fully functioning individuals until we learn to live our lives as they happen

Question 5

“Here and Now”

Answer 5

• Living your life as it is happening
• Not thinking of what has happened or what is yet to come
• Time spent thinking about these activities is time lost
• We are not victims of our past

Question 6

What do humanistic therapists do?

Answer 6

They seek to understand what their clients are experiencing and try to provide a therapeutic atmosphere that allows clients to help themselves

Question 7

Fully functioning individual

Answer 7

Motivation to progress toward some ultimately satisfying state of being

Question 8

Self Actualization

Answer 8

A person becomes everything that one is capable of becoming

Question 9

Who popularize the person centered approach?

Answer 9

Carl Rogers

Question 10

What are fully functioning people like

Answer 10

Their ideology is to experience life, not just pass through
•Trust their feelings
•Lead richer lives

Question 11

Subception

Answer 11

Perception of information at a less than conscious level

•Use defenses to keep info from entering consciousness

Question 12

Common defenses used

Answer 12

•Distortion
•Denial
Both reduce anxiety

Question 13

Conditional Positive Regard

Answer 13

Idea that your parents only love you when you do or act in a manner that suits them best. They only reinforce the behavior they like

Question 14

Unconditional Positive Regard

Answer 14

Knowing that you will be accepted no matter what you say or do

Question 15

Deficiency Motives (Maslow)

Answer 15

Result from a lack of some needed object

•Basic needs such as hunger and thirst

Question 16

Growth Needs (Maslow)

Answer 16

Are not satisfied simply by finding the object of our need
•Satisfied by expressing the motive
•Unselfish giving of love to others and development of ones unique potential

Question 17

Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow)

Answer 17

The order in which human needs demand attention

Question 18

Hierarchy of Needs: Physiological Needs

Answer 18

• Hunger, Thirst, Air, and Sleep
• Typically most demanding
• Need to be satisfied before moving to higher level needs
• Most primitive need

Question 19

Hierarchy of Needs: Safety Needs

Answer 19

• Only after physiological needs are met
• Need for security
• Stability
• Protection
• Structure
• Order
• Freedom from fear or chaos
• Prominent when future is unpredictable of locations where political or social order is unstable
• People motivated in this category may become obsessed with saving money

Question 20

Hierarchy of Needs: Belongingness and Love Needs

Answer 20

• Friendships
• Love
• “D-Love”: based on deficiency like hunger and need it to satisfy emptiness we experience without it
• “B-Love”: D-Love is necessary in reaching this type of love because it is non possessive, unselfish love based o growth need rather than a deficiency

Question 21

Hierarchy of Needs: Esteem Needs

Answer 21

• After satisfaction of belongingness and love needs
• The need to perceive oneself as competent and achieving
• The need for admiration and respect

Question 22

Hierarchy of Needs: Need for Self Actualization

Answer 22

• Satisfied when we identify our true self and reach our full potential
• Hardest to achieve because your other needs always have to be satisfied

Question 23

Self-Actualizing Creativity(Maslow)

Answer 23

Can be seen in the way people approach routine tasks

Question 24

Peak Experiences (Maslow)

Answer 24

Time and place transcend. Anxieties and fears disappear, replaced by a sense of unity with the universe and a momentary feeling of power and wonder

Question 25

Nonpeaking self actualizers

Answer 25

The social world improvers, the politicians, the workers of society, the reformers, the crusaders. They have their feet planted firmly on the ground and have a clear direction in life

Question 26

Self Actualizing Peakers

Answer 26

Tend to be less conventional and more concerned with abstract notions. Are more likely to write poetry, music, be philosophers, and write the religions.

Question 27

Optimal Experience

Answer 27

Being caught up in a natural, almost effortless movement from one step to the next, sometimes referred to as flow. These experiences are intensely enjoyable, but usually are not restful, relaxing moments

Question 28

Person-Centered Therapy

Answer 28

• Result should be that clients are more open to personal experience, more able to accept all aspects of themselves, and therefore less likely to use defenses when encountering info that threatens their self-concept
• Therapists have to create proper relationship with client
• Unconditional positive regard
• Clients reflect on themselves

Question 29

Eypschian Management (Maslow)

Answer 29

Rearranging an organization to help employees satisfy higher level needs

Question 30

Q-Sort

Answer 30

Test administered by therapists in which client is given a deck of 100 cards each including an adjective to describe you and the client has to put them into categories depending on how much it describes you. Creates your self-concept profile. Done twice, once for your “real self” and second for your “ideal self”

Question 31

Strengths of Humanistic Approach

Answer 31

1. Emphasis on the healthy side of personality
2. Has impacted the way psychologists and Counselors approach therapy
3. Also branched to education, communication, and business

Question 32

Criticisms of the Humanistic Approach

Answer 32

1. Humanistic psychology’s reliance on the concept of free to explain human behavior
2. Key concepts are poorly defined
3. Data is less than scientifically rigorous
4. Limits on applying humanistic psychotherapy techniques
5. Naive assumptions about human nature

Question 33

Which psychologists are related to Humanistic?

Answer 33

Rogers & Maslow