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Animal Nutrition > Chapter 11 - Test 3 Material (Pop Quiz 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Test 3 Material (Pop Quiz 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Macrominerals

A 
Ca
P
Mg
K
Na
Cl
S
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2
Q

Na and Cl

A

Easiest to supply in diet (salt) and inexpensive

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3
Q

Calcium

A

99% of Ca is in skeleton
In bone, it occurs in 2:1 ratio with P
In blood, mostly plasma

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4
Q

Calcium

Functions

A

Structural component of skeleton

  • vitamin D for proper absorption
  • sunlight outdoors animals

Controls excitability of nerves and muscles

Requires for blood coagulation

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5
Q

Calcium

Absorption and Excretion

A

Absorbed
- duodenum and jejunum

Excreted
- through feces, urine, sweat

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6
Q

Calcium

Deficiency

A 
Rickets - animals 
Osteomalacia - humans
- occurs with vitamin D deficiency 
- bones soften and deform
- inadequate calcification of cartilage

Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism - osseous tissue replaced by fibrous connective tissue
- lameness, bone density increase

Osteoporosis - bone loss leading to fractures of hip, back, long bone

  • sows commons following lacerations
  • physical activity increases Ca execration
  • more active - more Ca excreted
  • less active - less Ca excreted

Hypocalcemia
Tetany - muscles spasms
Milk Fever - early lactation in sheep and cattle
- IV injection of Ca

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7
Q

Calcium

Toxicity

A

Actue - none

Chronic - excess bone mass, thicken bone, calcified soft tissue, kidney stones

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8
Q

Phosphorus

A

80% of the P in the body is in the skeleton

Total P content of adult fat free body is 1.1%

In bone, Ca:P 2:1 ratio

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9
Q

Phosphorus

Functions

A

Structural component of skeleton with Ca

Component of phospholipids
- important for lipid transport and cell membrane structure

Energy metabolism
- part of AMP, ADP, ATP

Part of enzyme systems

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10
Q

Phosphorus

Absorption and Excretion

A

Absorb: small intestine, rapidly, incorporated in phospholipid

Excretion: feces, urine, saliva (ruminants)

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11
Q

Phosphorus

Deficiency

A

Rickets

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12
Q

Phosphorus

Toxicity

A

Nutritional secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Depression of intestinal absorption ic Ca

Laxative

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13
Q

Magnesium

A

Present in the 3rd largest amount in the body

50% of body Mg is in bone

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14
Q

Magnesium

Functions

A

Structural component of skeleton

Requires for oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria

Activation of some enzymes

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15
Q

Magnesium

Absorption and Excretion

A

Absorb: ileum, 55-60% of ingested Mg is absorbed

Excretion: urine 95%, feces 5%

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16
Q

Magnesium

Deficiency

A

Grass Tetany

  • aka grass staggers, wheat pasture poisoning
  • occur in grazing cattle
  • lush pasture, low blood Mg, high K
Anorexia
Reduced weight gain
Weakness
Irritable
Tetany
Death
17
Q

Magnesium

Toxicity

A

Low feed intake

Diarrhea loss of reflex cardiorespiratory depression

18
Q

Potassium, Sodium, Chlorine

A

Grouped together

Electrolytes vital to maintaining osmotic pressure and acid base balance

90% body K is intracellular
90% body Na is extra cellular
Almost all Cl is intracellular

19
Q

K, Na, Cl

Functions

A

K
- acid base balance, enzyme reactions, helps uptake amino acid, glucose in cells, heart kidney muscles

Na
- extra cellular component of Na pump acid base balance, never impulse transmission

Cl
- extra cellular osmotic pressure, acid base balance, chief gastric anion, unit with H to form HCl

20
Q

K, Na, Cl

Absorption and Excretion

A

Absorb: upped small intestine

Excretion: urine

21
Q

K, Na, Cl

Deficiency

A

K
- kidney lesions, muscle weakness, evacuation, pica, death

Na
- reduced growth, reduced milk production, weight loss, may drink urine

Cl
- reduced growth, kidney lesions

22
Q

K, Na, Cl

Toxicity

A

Uncommon

Kidney regulates all 3
Unless water intake is restricted, drinking water is saline, or kidney malfunction

High K reduce Mg absorption in ruminants

High Na causes hypertension

23
Q

Sulfur

A

Distributed widely throughout body

In every cell

24
Q

Sulfur

Functions

A

Part of organic metabolites

Protein synthesis 
Intra and extra cellular fluid
Part of biotin
Collagen
Blood clotting
Hormones
25
Q

Sulfur

Absorption and Excretion

A

Absorb: inorganic form inefficiently absorbed

Organic form absorbed readily

26
Q

Sulfur

Deficiency

A

Inorganic form not essential for normal functions

Organic form problems with nutrients that require S

27
Q

Sulfur

Toxicity

A

Polionencephalomalacia PEM)

  • excess sulfide production in rumen
  • necrosis of brain cortex
  • death within 48 hours if not treated with thiamin injection

Anorexia, growth depression
Reduction in Cu absorption

28
Q

Minerals

A

Inorganic elements

At least 22 known minerals are required

2 Types: Macro and Trace

Animal Nutrition (2 decks)

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