Chapter 11: Sports & The Economy Flashcards
Class relations are connected with commercial sports in any society because people with money promote and sponsor sports that fit their interests
True
Michael Jordan was important in the process of global corporate expansion because he spread an ideology that sports and consumption go together
True
Nearly all major stadiums and arenas in north America now display the brands of airlines banks Brewers and a gang of companies selling cars oil auto parts energy soft drinks and communication services and products
Corporations also brand teams and cycling soccer rugby and many other sports
The global marketing reach of the two major soccer clubs in Spain extends far beyond the reach of any team or sport organization in the United States
True
When sports become commercialized there is a tendency for aesthetic orientations to be replaced by heroic orientations
True
Professional wrestling is commercialization pushed to an extreme. It isolates elements of commercial sports and dramatizes them through parody and caricature. In this process it abandons aesthetic orientations and highlights the Heroic
True
Athletes and heavily commercialized sports generally lose effective control over the conditions of their own sport participation
These conditions are controlled by a combination of general managers team owners corporate sponsors and advertisers media personnel marketing and public city staff professional management staff accountant’s and agents
Owning sport teams is most likely to be profitable when sport leagues are organized as cartels and operate as monopolies
True
The owners of major north American professional sports are Capitalists but they receive many forms of public assistance that benefit them financially
True
As opposed to athletes in high revenue sports athletes in most minor leagues and lower revenue sports have few rights and little control over their career. The players at this level far out number players in the top levels of professional sports and they often work for low pay under on certain conditions and with few rights
Owners almost always have the last word in these sports although the owners don’t usually make large amounts of money
The incomes of professional athletes show that there is a growing gap between the incomes of the most highly paid athletes and all other athletes
True
The NCAA strictly limits rewards received by college athletes, even those who generate millions of dollars of income for their universities and the NCAA. A tickets to the University of Nebraska football game cost the same as a ticket to an NFL game but players receive only “in kind” rewards for tuition and basic living expenses.
When universities profit from big time football and men’s basketball it is only because they have access to cheap athletic labor
Commercial sports are organized and played for profit. Their success demands on gate receipts concessions, sponsorships, the sale of media broadcasting rights and other revenue streams associated with sport images and personalities
True
