Chapter 11: Solutions & Colloids

Question 1

What are the defining traits to solutions?

Answer 1

homogeneous, the physical state of the solution is typically the same as the solvent, components are dispersed on a molecular scale, a dissolved solute will not separate or dissolve from the solvent, and the composition can be varied continuously.

Question 2

What is a spontaneous process?

Answer 2

A spontaneous process is the formation of a solution. It is a process that occurs under special conditions without the requirement of energy from an external source

Question 3

What is dissociation?

Answer 3

When ionic compounds dissociate in water, the ions in a solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because the water molecules surround and solvate the ions.

Question 4

What formulas are not dependent on temperature?

Answer 4

molality and mole fraction

Question 5

Molarity formula

Answer 5

mol of solute / L of solution

Question 6

Molality formula

Answer 6

mol of solute / kg of solvent

Question 7

Mole fraction formula

Answer 7

mol of solute / mol of solute + mol of solution

Question 8

Parts by mass formula

Answer 8

mass of solute / mass of solution

Question 9

Parts by volume formula

Answer 9

volume of solute / volume of solution

Question 10

Raolt’s law (vapor pressure)

Answer 10

change in P = mole fraction times pressure. after calculating, you will need to subtract the value you got from the pressure

Question 11

Boiling point formula

Answer 11

change in Tb = Kb times molality

Question 12

Freezing point formula

Answer 12

change in Tf = Kf times molality

Question 13

Osmotic pressure formula

Answer 13

pressure = MRT

Question 14

what is a colliod?

Answer 14

a colloid is a solution that is mostly homogeneous, and doesn’t necessarily effect colligative properties the same way. The molecules in a colloid are suspended, therefore you cannot see the individual particles.

Question 15

What is the only Colloidial system not possible?

Answer 15

gas to gas