Chapter 11 Semen Flashcards
Fluid containing products formed in the male reproductive organs. Transports sperm. Examined for an evaluation of infertility, vasectomy procedures, and forensics
Seminal fluid (semen)
What has impacted laboratory analysis of semen
Andrology and assisted reproductive technology (ART)
Name the anatomical features
Name the 10 anatomical features
Name the anatomical features
Name the anatomical features
Germ cell undergo spermatogenesis from immature non motile sperm to mature motile sperm with flagella
Spermatozoa
5% composition
Spermatozoa and bulbourethral glands fluid
Found in sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules of testes and epididymis
Spermatozoa
Provides transport medium needed to propel flagellated sperm to ejaculatory ducts to female reproductive tract. High in flavin and fructose
Seminal fluid
60-70% composition
Seminal fluid
Found in the seminal vesicles
Seminal fluid
High acid fluid contains enzymes and proteins for coagulation and liquefaction (acid phosphates, zine)
Prostate fluid
20-30% composition
Prostate fluid
Found in the prostate gland
Prostate fluid
Thick, alkaline mucous neutralizes prostatic and vaginal acidity
Bulbourethral glands fluid
Found in bulbourethral glands
Bulbourethral glands fluid
How must seminal fluid be collected?
In a sterile contather, after 2-3 day period of no sexual activity. 2 to 3 days abstinence; no longer than 7 days. 2 or more collections best. Keep at body temp. Delivery within 1 hour
Fertility evaluation (8)
Macroscopic and microscopic Appearance Volume Viscosity pH Sperm concentration and count Motility Morphology
Normal volume
2-5 mL
Normal and abnormal appearances
Normal: translucent, gray-white
Infection: white turbid
Blood: red
Urine contamination, drugs: yellow
Normal liquefaction and viscosity
Liquefies within 30-60 mins after collection; no clumps or strings
Normal and abnormal pH
Normal: 7.2-7.8
>8.0 infection
<7 prostatic fluid
Normal and borderline sperm count
Normal: 20-250 million/ml
Borderline: 10-20 million/ml
Normal, 0 grade, and 4 grade motility
Normal: 50-60% or greater with a minimum motility of 2 within 1 hour
0 grade is no movement
4 grade is motile with strong forward progression
Normal and abnormal morphology
Normal: >14% oval head with a long flagellar tail
Abnormal: double head, grant head, amorphous head, pinhead, tapered head, double tails, coiled tails
Special testing
Vitality (eosin-nigrosin), fructose, zine, citric acid, acid phosphates (rape cases), antibodies, microbial testing
Name the anatomical features
Name the morphed sperm
Postvasectomy analysis concern
Presence of sperm motility
