CHAPTER 11 PREJUDICE

Question 1

prejudice

Answer 1

A negative prejudgment of a group and its individual members.

Question 2

stereotypes

Answer 2

Beliefs about the personal attributes of a group of people. Stereotypes can be overgeneralized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information.

Question 3

discrimination

Answer 3

Unjustifiable negative behaviour toward a group or its members

Question 4

racism

Answer 4

(1) An individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviour toward people of a given race, or (2) institutional practices (even if not motivated by prejudice) that subordinate people of a given race.

Question 5

sexism

Answer 5

(1)An individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviour toward people of a given sex, or
(2) institutional practices (even if not motivated by prejudice) that subordinate people of a given sex.

Question 6

social dominance orientation

Answer 6

A motivation to have your own group be dominant over other social groups.

Question 7

ethnocentric

Answer 7

Believing in the superiority of your own ethnic and cultural group and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups.

Question 8

authoritarian personality

Answer 8

A personality that is disposed to favour obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status.

Question 9

realistic group conflict theory

Answer 9

The theory that prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources.

Question 10

social identity

Answer 10

The “we” aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to “Who am I?” that comes from our group memberships.

Question 11

in-groups

Answer 11

“Us”: groups of people who share a sense of belonging, a feeling of common identity.

Question 12

out-groups

Answer 12

“Them”: groups that people perceive as distinctively different from or apart from their in-group

Question 13

in-group bias

Answer 13

The tendency to favour your own group.

Question 14

terror management

Answer 14

According to “terror management theory,” people’s self-protective emotional and cognitive responses (including adhering more strongly to their cultural worldviews and prejudices) when confronted with reminders of their mortality.

Question 15

out-group homogeneity effect

Answer 15

Perception of out-group members as more similar to one another than are in-group members. Thus, “they are alike; we are diverse.”

Question 16

own-race bias

Answer 16

The tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race.

Question 17

group-serving bias

Answer 17

Explaining away out-group members’ positive behaviours; also attributing negative behaviours to their dispositions (while excusing such behaviour by one’s own group).

Question 18

just-world phenomenon

Answer 18

People’s tendency to believe that the world is just and that, therefore, people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Question 19

stereotype threat

Answer 19

A disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype