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Ethnobotany > Chapter 11 Plant Fibers > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Plant Fibers Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 things in this classroom that are made from plants

A

Pencil, paper, table

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2
Q

What is a fiber?

A

A thread or a filament from a plant tissue

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3
Q

What is phloem tissue?

A

Plant tissue that conducts the transport of food throughout the plant

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4
Q

What is wood?

A

A hard fibrous material that forms the main substance of the trunk or branches of a tree or shrubs, used for fuel and timber

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5
Q

What is xylem tissue?

A

Plant tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant

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6
Q

What makes fibers a white color?

A

Cellulose

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7
Q

What are Sclerenchyma fiber cells?

A

Elongated thick walled, dead plant cells

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8
Q

What makes fibers a brown color?

A

Lignin

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9
Q

What method do they use to extract cotton fibers from the cotton plant?

A

Ginning

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10
Q

What is Ginning?

A

The process of removing seed fibers. Derived from the word engine, “gin” means machine

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11
Q

What are the 3 stages of extracting fibers from stems?

A

Retting, Scutching, Hackling

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12
Q

What is retting?

A

The first process after harvesting a plant to extract the plant fiber. Workers soak the plant stems in water for a period of time until all of the unwanted plant material has decayed.

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13
Q

What is Scutching?

A

The process after retting. This is the beating and scraping of the fibers to remove the remaining unwanted tissue, such as xylem, which adheres to the fibers.

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14
Q

What is Hackling?

A

The process of aligning the separate fibers in vertical pins to detangle them.

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15
Q

What process is used to extract fibers from leaves?

A

Decorticating

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16
Q

What is decorticating?

A

A method used for leaf fibers. Workers crush the fleshy leaf material and scrape the non-fibrous materials.

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17
Q

What are the 3 main plants we get surface fibers from?

A

Coconut, Cotton, Kapok

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18
Q

Coconut is in what family?

A

Palm Family, Arecaceae

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19
Q

What process do they use to extract coconut fibers from the fruit?

A

Retting

20
Q

How long do they Rett coconuts?

A

10 months

21
Q

Name 2 things coconut fibers can be used for

A

Rope, brooms

22
Q

Give the common name for the cotton that is native to India and Pakistan

A

Tree cotton

23
Q

Give the common name for the cotton that is native to Africa and Arabia

A

Levant cotton

24
Q

Give one common name for the cotton that is native to the Americas, this cotton also makes up 90% of the worlds cotton

A

West Indian cotton

25
Q

Give one common name for the cotton that is native to the Americas, this cotton provides the finest quality cotton threads and is popular in Egypt

A

Sea Island cotton

26
Q

Which to cottons are from the old world?

A

Levant cotton, Tree cotton

27
Q

Which to cottons are from the new world?

A

West Indian cotton, Sea Island cotton

28
Q

What is a Staple?

A

Cotton hairs

29
Q

What is the difference between Linter and Lint?

A

Linter- short, thick hairs, hard to pull off the seed

Lint- long, short hairs, easily detached from the seed

30
Q

Who invented the cotton gin?

A

Eli Whitney

31
Q

What did the cotton gin begin?

A

The beginning of the Industrial Revolution

32
Q

How many pairs of jeans can you get from one bale of cotton?

A

325

33
Q

Which spikey tree provides surface fibers?

A

Kapok

34
Q

What are Bast fibers?

A

Soft fibers derived from thick-walled phloem cells they may range from six to fifteen feet long

35
Q

What are the 3 Bast fibers we talked about in class?

A

Jute, Linen, Hemp

36
Q

Which is the second most produced fiber in the world? This is a type of Bast fiber

A

Jute

37
Q

Give one example of something made of Jute fiber

A

Canvases

38
Q

What fiber did Egyptians wrap their mummies in?

A

Linen

39
Q

Is linen strong?

A

Yes

40
Q

Give on example of something made of linen

A

Mail bags

41
Q

Why is linen so expensive?

A

The extraction method requires manual labor

42
Q

Which fiber makes up the Declaration of Independence?

A

Hemp

43
Q

What are Hard fibers?

A

Fibers extracted from the leaves of certain plants with parallel veins (leaf fibers)

44
Q

What are the 2 hard fibers we talked about in class?

A

Sisal, Abaca

45
Q

Which fiber is extracted from the Agave leaves?

A

Sisal

46
Q

Which fiber is extracted from the banana plant?

A

Abaca

47
Q

Name two items made from banana fibers

A

Tea bags, coffee filters

Ethnobotany (3 decks)

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