Chapter 11: Origin Of European Countries Flashcards
What is the Hundred Years War?
A war between France and England that lasted 116 years(1337-1453). There was no real winner in the end(they had roughly the same amount of land they started with).
What is the Black Plague?
A sickness that spread through Europe in 1347. It was carried by rats/fleas. The disease cause black spots on the body and killed 1/3 of Europe.
Who was King John I?
The English king forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215, after the barons revolted.
What did clause 29 of the Magna Carta say?
It stated that taxes were allowed(levied)only by common consent.
What did clause 39 of the Magna Carta say?
It stated people had the right to a jury trial and to protection of the law(due process of law).
Who was Edward I “Longshanks”?
Created the English Parliament in 1272-1307.
Who was Henry V?
English king who won the battle of Agincourt and forced the French king to sign the Treaty of Troyes for French land and crown.
What was the Spanish Inquisition?
Muslims and Jews were expelled from Spain. Thousands tortured and killed for suspected heresy.
“One king, one law, one faith”
What is nationalism?
The feeling of loyalty to ones own country and people.
What is the longbow?
A 6ft bow used by the English to win the battle of Agincourt.
Who was Charles VI?
French king who signed the Treaty of Troyes in 1420.
Who was Joan of Arc?
A 17-year old girl who won the Siege of Orleans. She helped Charles VII become king. She was burned at the stake for heresy. She was declared a saint in 1920.
What are the most important rivers in Russia?
The Volga, the Dneiper, and the Don.
Who was Charles VII?
French king who forced England out of France by 1453. Used land and salt taxes to stabilize the economy.
Who were Ferdinand and Isabella?
Ferdinand: King of Aragon
Isabella: Queen of Castile
Their marriage united Spain. They conquered Granada in 1492, the last Muslim kingdom in Spain.
Who was Ivan III?
Ivan the Great:
Stopped mongol tributes. Became the first czar of Russia and built the Kremlin.
Events of the Hundred Years’ War.
- Henry v own battle of Agincourt, Charles VI signed treaty of Troyes.
- Joan of Arc won the Siege of Orleans.
- Charles VII forced England out of France by 1453.
List the steps of the War of roses.
- Henry VI(Lancaster) forced out by Edward IV(York).
- Edward IV(York) took crown after winning the battle of Tewksbury.
- Henry VI(Lancaster) was killed by Edward(York).
- Richard III(York) became protector of the throne after Edwards death, had Edwards sons locked in the Tower if London, who vanished and were presumed killed.
- Henry Tudor(Lancaster) defeated(killed) Richard at Battle of Bosworth and became king Henry VII.
When did the Mongols rule Russia?
The mid 1200s.
1240-1480= Mongol Yoke
What is the Magna Carta?
A document of the rights of man that reduced the kings power.
Who was Louis IX?
King who created France’s Supreme Court, known as the Parliament of Paris.
What was the War of the Roses?
An English civil war between the Lancasters and the Yorks. War was over the right to be king.
Lancaster = red rose
Yorks= white rose
Who was Ivan IV?
Ivan the terrible:
Was good when he first came to power. Drive Mongols out of Volga area. Killed thousands if his own people.
Oprichniki= brutal police force
Who was Ivan I?
Nickname= Ivan moneybags
He took money and established Moscow as his capital.
Who was Phillip IV?
French king who formed the Estates General(similar to English parliament).
