Chapter 11 - Organic Chemistry Basis Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing hydrogen and carbon only
What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon?
A saturated hydrocarbon has single carbon - hydrogen bonds, but a unsaturated hydrocarbon has carbon = carbon double bonds
What is a homologous series?
A family of compounds with similar chemical properties who’s successive members differ by the addition of a CH2 group
What is a functional group?
The part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecules chemical properties
What is the prefix for a hydrocarbon with 7 carbons?
Hept- (ane, ene, etc)
What is the prefix for a hydrocarbon with 9 carbons?
Non- (ane, ene, etc)
What is the functional group for aldehydes and what is the suffix used when naming them?
-al
What is the functional group for ketones and what is the suffix used when naming them?
-one
What are structural isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
What is homolytic fission?
The breaking of a covalent bond where each of the bonded atoms receives one of the shared pair of electrons
What is a radical?
An atom or groups of atoms with an unpaired electron
What is heterolytic fission?
The breaking of a covalent bond where one of the bonded electrons receives both of the shared pair of electrons. This forms one positive and one negative ion.
What is an addition reaction?
Two reactants join together to form one product
What is a substitution reaction?
An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms
What is an elimination reaction?
The removal of a small molecule from a larger one
