Chapter 11: Managing AI and Knowledge

Question 1

Grand Vision (of what AI is)

Answer 1

• computer hardware and software systems that are as ‘smart’ as humans
• so far, this vision has eluded computer programmers and scientists

Question 2

Realistic vision(of what AI is)

Answer 2

• systems that take data inputs, process them, and produce outputs (like all software programs) and that can perform many complex tasks that would be difficult or impossible for humans to perform

Question 3

Major Types of AI

Answer 3

• expert systems, machine learning, neural networks and deep learning networks, genetic algorithms, natural language processing, computer vision, robotics

Question 4

Expert systems

Answer 4

• capture tacit knowledge in very specific and limited domain of human expertise, knowledge as set of rules
• performs limited tasks
• used for discrete, highly structured decision making

Question 5

Knowledge base (in expert systems)

Answer 5

• a self-serve online library of information about a product, service, department, or topic. The data in your knowledge base can come from anywhere
• set of hundreds or thousands of rules

Question 6

Inference engine (in expert systems)

Answer 6

strategy used to search knowledge base

Question 7

Machine Learning

Answer 7

a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science which focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy

Question 8

Neural networks

Answer 8

algorithms loosely based on the processing patterns of the biological brain that can be trained to classify objects into known categories based on data inputs

Question 9

Deep learning networks

Answer 9

is a subset of machine learning, and make use of neural networks

Question 10

Genetic algorithms

Answer 10

problem-solving methods that promote the evolution of solutions to specified programs using the model of living organisms adapting to their environment
- useful for finding optimal solution for specific problem by examining very large number of possible solutions for that problem

Question 11

Natural language processing

Answer 11

enables computers to understand natural language as humans do. Whether the language is spoken or written, natural language processing uses artificial intelligence to take real-world input, process it, and make sense of it in a way a computer can understand (e.g. Siri, Alexa)

Question 12

Computer vision systems

Answer 12

Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables computers and systems to derive meaningful information from digital images, videos and other visual inputs — and take actions or make recommendations based on that information (e.g. passport control at airports)

Question 13

Robotics

Answer 13

design, construction, and operation of machines that can substitute for humans in many factory, office, and home applications (e.g. smart vacuums)

Question 14

Intelligence

Answer 14

is “the ability to accomplish complex goals, learn, reason, and adaptively perform effective actions within an environment”, thus acquire and apply knowledge

Question 15

Collective intelligence

Answer 15

“collective intelligence refers to groups of individuals acting collectively in ways that seem intelligent”

Question 16

Artificial intelligence

Answer 16

“systems that perform activities that we associate with human thinking, activities such as decision-making, problem solving, learning”

Question 17

Hybrid intelligence

Answer 17

“ability to achieve complex goals by combining humans and artificial intelligence, thereby reaching superior results, and continuously learning from each other” (e.g. my bachelor thesis)