Chapter 11 + Lecture 8 chatgpt questions Flashcards
What information should psychologists provide to patients to ensure they make informed decisions about treatment options?
Psychologists should inform patients of all evidence-based treatment options, which include medication options, psychological interventions the psychologist can provide, and also those they do not have the training to provide (in which case a referral would be necessary).
How is obtaining consent from children for psychological interventions treated differently in various jurisdictions?
Different jurisdictions may set chronological ages at which children are presumed competent to give consent or require the psychologist to assess the child’s competence to give consent on a case-by-case basis.
What is the difference between consent and assent when it comes to child participants?
A child who is not competent to give consent still has the right to have procedures explained in a simple manner and is asked to give assent, which is the verbal form of consent.
What are the ethical implications of monitoring the effectiveness of services offered by psychologists?
Both evidence-based practice and ethical practice require psychologists to monitor the effectiveness of services. It would be considered unethical to persist in offering services to a client if those services did not prove helpful in addressing the problem.
Does evidence-based practice require treatments to be based solely on highly controlled, internally valid, replicated studies?
Evidence-based practice does not require treatments to be based solely on highly controlled, internally valid, replicated studies. Instead, it requires psychologists to base treatment for a client on the best available evidence.
How should psychologists approach situations where there is limited evidence about treatment efficacy?
In situations with limited evidence about treatment efficacy, the client should be informed of this limitation and asked to consent to treatment with full knowledge about the limited scientific basis for the treatment.
What are some examples of psychological interventions that have harmful side effects?
Examples of psychological interventions with harmful side effects include “Scared straight” programs, which try to frighten adolescents at risk for ongoing criminal behavior and actually increase the odds of subsequent criminal offending, and Rebirthing therapy, which has resulted in a number of deaths.
Why is it important for research evidence to be based on clients similar to those seeking services, and how does diversity impact treatment research?
Research evidence based on clients similar to those seeking services is important to ensure treatment relevance. It is challenging to adequately represent all aspects of human diversity, including age, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, and socioeconomic status, in treatment research.
How should psychologists consider client characteristics when using research results to inform the type of treatment offered?
Psychologists must ask whether client characteristics affect the relevance of available research results when determining the type of treatment to offer. The extent to which the client is similar to participants in research trials can influence whether an evidence-based treatment should be adopted, adapted, or abandoned.
What does the research evidence suggest about the efficacy of psychotherapy with ethnic minority clients?
The research evidence indicates that psychotherapy is generally efficacious with ethnic minority clients, and client ethnicity tends to have little impact on the efficacy of treatments for a range of disorders.
How do short-term psychodynamic psychotherapies differ from other treatment approaches, and what techniques are used in short-term psychodynamic therapy?
Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapies emphasize bringing unconscious processes, especially in interpersonal relationships, to awareness and helping clients understand and alter these processes. Techniques used in short-term psychodynamic therapy include reflection, clarification, interpretation, and confrontation.
What are the key components and phases of interpersonal psychotherapy for depression?
Interpersonal psychotherapy for depression involves assessment of depressive symptoms and examination of the patient’s relationships. The subsequent phases are tailored to the client’s needs and address themes such as grief, role disputes, role transitions, and interpersonal deficits.
How do process-experiential therapies differ from other therapeutic approaches, and what are the key elements of process-experiential therapy?
Process-experiential therapies combine elements of client-centered and Gestalt approaches into an emotion-focused treatment. Key elements of process-experiential therapy include increasing the client’s awareness of emotion, encouraging expression of emotions, enhancing emotion regulation abilities, aiding reflection on emotions, and transforming maladaptive emotions into adaptive ones.
What is cognitive-behavioral therapy, and what does it emphasize in treating psychological problems?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy emphasizes the role of thoughts and behavior in psychological problems and focuses on altering beliefs, expectations, and behaviors to improve the client’s functioning.
How do cognitive-behavioral therapies foster a collaborative relationship between the therapist and client?
Cognitive-behavioral therapies foster a collaborative relationship by working together to identify problems, test hypotheses, and re-evaluate beliefs. The therapist uses didactic teaching methods and Socratic questioning to help the client.
