Chapter 11: Leadership

Question 1

Define Leadership

Answer 1

Ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals

Question 2

What are the different leadership theories?

Answer 2

• trait theories: propose leaders have particular set of traits making them different from nonleaders
• behavioural theories: propose particular behaviours make for better leaders
• contingency theories: situation has an effect on leaders

Question 3

What is situational leadership?

Answer 3

• Leadership theory focusing on readiness of followers
• Successful leadership depends on selecting right leadership style contingent on
  followers’ readiness or extent to which they are willing and able to accomplish a specific task

Question 4

Describe the Path Goal Theory

Answer 4

Leadership theory that says it is the leader’s job to assist followers in
attaining their goals and to provide the necessary direction and/or support to ensure that
their goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the group or organization
- Path-Goal implies effective leaders clarify follower’s paths to their work goals and make the
journey easier by reducing roadblocks

Question 5

According to Path-Goal Theory, what are the four leadership behaviours used in different situations to motivate individuals?

Answer 5

• directive leader
• supportive leader
• particitative leader
• achievement oriented leader

Question 6

Leadership Behaviors: Directive Leader

Answer 6

Lets followers know what is expected of them, schedules work to be
done, and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks
- Initiating structure
- Best used when individuals have difficult doing tasks or tasks ambiguous
- Not helpful when individuals already highly motivated, have skills and abilities to
do task, and understand requirements of task

Question 7

Leadership Behaviors: Supportive Leader

Answer 7

Friendly and shows concern for needs of followers

• Consideration
• Recommended when individuals under stress or show they need to be supported

Question 8

Leadership Behaviors: Participative Leader

Answer 8

Consults with followers and uses suggestions before making
decision
- Appropriate when individuals need to buy in to decisions

Question 9

Leadership Behaviors: Achievement Oriented Leader

Answer 9

Sets challenging goals and expects followers to
perform at their highest level
- Works well with individuals who like challenges and are highly motivated
- Less effective with less capable individuals, or those highly stressed from
overwork

Question 10

What are the different Leadership Types?

Answer 10

• transactional leadership (managing)
• transformational leadership (leading)
• charismatic leadership
• authentic leadership
• ethical leadership (socialized charismatic leadership)
• servant leadership

Question 11

Leadership Types: Transactional

Answer 11

• Contingent Reward: Contracts exchange of rewards for effort, promises rewards for good
  performance, recognizes accomplishments
• Management by Exception (active): Watches and searches for deviations from rules and
  standards, takes correct action
• Management by Exception (passive): Intervenes only if standards are not met
• Laissez-Faire: Abdicates responsibilities, avoids making decisions

Question 12

Leadership Types: Transformational

Answer 12

• Idealized Influence: Provides vision and sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect and
  trust
• Inspirational Motivation: Communicates high expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts,
  expresses important purposes in simple ways
• Intellectual Stimulation: Promotes intelligence, rationality, and careful problem solving
• Individualized Consideration: Gives personal attention, treats each employee
  individually, coaches, advises

Question 13

Leadership Types: Charismatic Leadership

Answer 13

Followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary
leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviours
- Influence followers by appealing to a vision accompanied by a vision statement

Question 14

Leadership Types: Authentic Leadership

Answer 14

Know who they are, know what they believe in and value, and act
on these values and beliefs openly and candidly
- Considered ethical by followers

Question 15

Leadership Types: Socialized Charismatic Leadership

Answer 15

Conveys values that are other-centred vs. selfcentred
and models ethical conduct
- Four cornerstones to a “moral foundation of leadership”:
-Truth telling
-Promise keeping
-Fairness
-Respect for the individual

Question 16

Leadership Types: Servant Leadership

Answer 16

Going beyond the leader’s own self-interest and instead focusing on
opportunities to help followers grow and develop