Chapter 11: Intro to Genetics & Chapter 12: DNA

Question 1

Trait

Answer 1

specific characteristic of an individual

Question 2

Hybrid

Answer 2

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

one of a number of different forms of a gene

Question 5

Principle of dominance

Answer 5

Mendel’s second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

Question 6

Segregation

Answer 6

separation of alleles during gamete formation

Question 7

Gamete

Answer 7

sex cell

Question 8

Genetics

Answer 8

scientific study of heredity

Question 9

probability

Answer 9

likelihood that a particular event will occur

Question 10

homozygous

Answer 10

having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Question 11

heterozygous

Answer 11

having two different alleles for a particular gene

Question 12

phenotype

Answer 12

physical characteristics of an organism

Question 13

genotype

Answer 13

genetic makeup of an organism

Question 14

Punnett square

Answer 14

diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross

Question 15

independent assortment

Answer 15

one of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes

Question 16

homologous

Answer 16

term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent

Question 17

diploid

Answer 17

term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 18

haploid

Answer 18

term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of jeans

Question 19

meiosis

Answer 19

process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

Question 20

tetrad

Answer 20

structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis

Question 21

crossing-over

Answer 21

process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

Question 22

zygote

Answer 22

fertilized egg

Question 23

transformation

Answer 23

process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria

Question 24

Fertilization

Answer 24

process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Question 24

base pairing

Answer 24

principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine cytosine

Question 26

bacteriophage

Answer 26

kind of virus that infects bacteria

Question 27

replication

Answer 27

process of copying DNA prior to cell division

Question 28

DNA polymerase

Answer 28

principal enzyme involved in DNA replication

Question 29

telomere

Answer 29

repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome