Chapter 11: Haemophilus Bordetella, and Legionella

Question 1

Haemophilus influenza, Bordetella, and Legionella

Why are they grouped together?

Answer 1

acquired through respiratory tract

Question 2

Haemophilus Influenza

Haemophilus means….

Answer 2

Haemophilus =

means “blood loving”

organisms requires a blood containing medium for growth.

hematin found in blood is necessary for bacterium’s cytochome system. Also needs NAD from blood.

Question 3

Haemophilus influenza

influenza means

Answer 3

bacterium attacks lungs of person debilitated by viral influenza infections

Question 4

Haemophilus influenza is an

Answer 4

obligate human parasite transmitted via the respiratory route.

Question 5

What confers haemophilus virulence?

Answer 5

polysaccharide capsule: polyribitol ribose phosphate

6 types: a, b, c, d, e, f

Question 6

what is the most common capsule type for haemophilus?

Answer 6

capsule B

causes meningitis, epiglotttis and septic arthritis

Question 7

what three damaging clinical symptoms does HI B cause?

Answer 7

meningitis, epiglottis and septic arthritis

Question 8

Capsule = B

Answer 8

is bad

Question 9

what does non-encapsulated Haemoophilus I. do?

Answer 9

colonizes upper respiratory tract of adults and children.

can ONLY cause local infection. frequently cause otitis media and respiratory disease in adults weakened by preexisting lung diease like chronic bronchitis or smoking.

Question 10

COPD patients get what kind of infections

Answer 10

frequently, nontypeable strains of HI which causes worsening shortness of breath, cough, etc.

Question 11

Nontypeable HI

Answer 11

Nonencapsulated strains

lack virulent invasiveness or their enapsulated sousins

Question 12

Antibodies to capsule of HI and age group

Answer 12

infants and children between 6 months-3 yrs of age pick up passively from mother. active for only 6 months, then takes 3-5 yrs to develop their own antibodies, which makes them vulnerable

Question 13

Haemophilus influenza B

meningitis

Answer 13

worst symptom of HIB
main cause of meningitis of children between 6 months and 3 yrs

inhaled through respiration, then travels in blood and lymph

nonspecific signs: no neck rigidity or nuchal sign. fever, vomiting, altered mental status. potentially fatal.
can leave permanent brain damage.

Question 14

Three most common causes of meningitis in neonates

Answer 14

1) listeria monocytogenes
2) Escherichia coli
3) Group B strep

Question 15

Two most common causes of meningitis in children older than 6 months

Answer 15

neisseria meningitides, haemophilus influenzae.

Question 16

Haemophilus Influenza

Acute epiglottitis

Answer 16

Type B can cause rapid swelling of epiglottis
causes airway obstruction via swelling

child unable to swallow, will be drooling
wheezing (Stridor)
large epiglottis looks like red cherry

Question 17

HI

septic arthritis

Answer 17

Type B is the most common cause
asymmetric joints afflicted
synovial fluid gram stain: pleomorphic gram neg rods

Question 18

HI

sepsis: age groups and clinical presentation

Answer 18

children between 6 months- 3 yrs

fever, lethargy, loss of appetite. no evidence of localized disease (otitis media, meningitis, epiglottitis

children missing spleen at highest risk

Question 19

Haemophilus Ducreyi

clinical presentation and disease

Answer 19

responsible for disease called “chancroid”
presents: painful genital ulcer
painful swollen LNs unilaterally