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Biology > Chapter 11: Genetics > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The scientific study of heredity.

A

Genetics

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2
Q

A process where male and female reproductive cells join. It produces a new cell.

A

Fertilization

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3
Q

This means that if something is allowed to self-pollinate, they would produce offspring identical to themselves.

A

True-Breeding

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4
Q

A specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another.

A

Trait

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5
Q

The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.

A

Hybrids

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6
Q

The chemical factors that determine traits.

A

Genes

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7
Q

The different forms of a gene.

A

Alleles

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8
Q

A separation of alleles.

A

Segregation

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9
Q

Sex cells.

A

Gametes

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10
Q

The likelihood that a particular event occur.

A

Probability

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11
Q

A diagram to determine the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross.

A

Punnett Square

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12
Q

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait.

A

Homozygous

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13
Q

Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait.

A

Heterozygous

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14
Q

Physical characteristics.

A

Phenotype

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15
Q

The genetic makeup.

A

Genotype

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16
Q

Where the alleles for seed shape are segregated independently of those for seed color. (example)

A

Independent Assortment

17
Q

Cases in which one allele is not completely dominant over another.

A

Incomplete Dominance

18
Q

Both alleles contribute to the phenotype

A

Codominance

19
Q

Where genes have more than two alleles.

A

Multiple Alleles

20
Q

Traits controlled by two or more genes.

A

Polygenic Traits

21
Q

Each of the chromosomes that came from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent.

A

Homologous

22
Q

A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes. It means “two sets”.

A

Diploid

23
Q

The gametes of sexually reproducing organisms contain only a single set of chromosomes, and therefore only a single set of genes. It means “one set”.

A

Haploid

24
Q

A process of reductions division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

A

Meiosis

25
Q

Each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome to form a structure. There are four chromatids in a tetrad.

A

Tetrad

26
Q

It results in the exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes and produces new combinations of alleles.

A

Crossing-Over

27
Q

Shows the relative locations of each known gene on one of the chromosomes.

A

Gene Map

Biology (9 decks)

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