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Medical Terminolgy > Chapter 11 - Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Acr/o

A

Extremities

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2
Q

Adren/o

A

Adrenal glands

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3
Q

Andr/o

A

Male

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4
Q

Calc/o

A

Calcium

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5
Q

Crin/o

A

Secrete

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6
Q

Estr/o

A

Female

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7
Q

Glyc/o

A

Sugar

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8
Q

Glycos/o

A

Sugar

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9
Q

Gonad/o

A

Sex glands

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10
Q

Home/o

A

Sameness

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11
Q

Kal/I

A

Potassium

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12
Q

Natr/o

A

Sodium

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13
Q

Ophthalm/o

A

Eye

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14
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

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15
Q

Parathyroid/o

A

Parathyroid Gland

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16
Q

Pineal/o

A

Pineal gland

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17
Q

Pituitar/o

A

Pituitary gland

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18
Q

Thym/o

A

Thymus gland

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19
Q

Thyroid/o

A

Thyroid gland

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20
Q

Toxic/o

A

Poison

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21
Q

-crine

A

To secrete

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22
Q

-dipsia

A

Thirst

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23
Q

-prandial

A

Relation to a meal

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24
Q

-tropin

A

Stimulate

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25
Q

Adrenal

A

Pertaining to the Adrenal glands

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26
Q

Adrenomegaly

A

Enlarged adrenal gland

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27
Q

Adrenopathy

A

Adrenal gland disease

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28
Q

Adrenalectomy

A

Removal of adrenal gland

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29
Q

Adrenalitis

A

Inflammation of an adrenal gland

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30
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Excessive calcium in the blood

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31
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Low calcium in the blood

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32
Q

Endochronologist

A

Specialist in the endocrine system

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33
Q

Endocrinopathy

A

Endocrine system disease

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34
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Excessive sugar in the blood

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35
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low sugar in the blood

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36
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Excessive potassium in the blood

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37
Q

Pancreatic

A

Pertaining to the pancreas

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38
Q

Parathyroidal

A

Pertaining to the parathyroid gland

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39
Q

Parathyroidectomy

A

Removal of the parathyroid gland

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40
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

State of excessive parathyroid

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41
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

State of insufficient parathyroid

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42
Q

Pituitary

A

Pertaining to the pituitary gland

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43
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

State of insufficient pituitary

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44
Q

Hyperpituitarism

A

State of excessive pituitary

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45
Q

Thymic

A

Pertaining to the thymus gland

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46
Q

Thymectomy

A

Removal of the thymus

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47
Q

Thymitis

A

Thymus inflammation

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48
Q

Thymoma

A

Thymus tumor

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49
Q

Thyromegaly

A

Enlarged thyroid

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50
Q

Thyroidal

A

Pertaining to the thyroid gland

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51
Q

Thyroidectomy

A

Removal of the thyroid

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52
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

State of excessive thyroid

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53
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

State of insufficient thyroid

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54
Q

Polydispsia

A

Many (excessive) thirst

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55
Q

Polyuria

A

Condition of too much urine

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56
Q

Glycosuria

A

Sugar in the urine

57
Q

Acidosis

A

Excessive acidity of body fluids due to the accumulation of acids, as in diabetic acidosis

58
Q

Edema

A

Condition in which the body tissues contain excessive amounts of fluid

59
Q

Endochrinology

A

Branch of medicine and evolving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of endocrine glands. Physician is the endocrinologist

60
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Condition in which the eyeballs protrude such as in graves disease. This is generally caused by an overproduction of thyroid hormone

61
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Development of breast tissue in males. May be a symptom of adrenal feminization

62
Q

Hirsutism

A

Condition of having an excessive amount of hair. Term generally used to describe females who have the adult male pattern of Hair growth. Can be the result of a hormonal imbalance

63
Q

Hypersecretion

A

Excessive hormone production by endocrine gland

64
Q

Hyposecretion

A

Deficient hormone production by endocrine gland

65
Q

Obesity

A

Having an abnormal amount of fat in the body

66
Q

Syndrome

A

Group of symptoms and signs that, when combined, present a clinical picture of a disease or condition

67
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Disease name for bridges physician Thomas Edison the results from a deficiency of adrenocortical hormones. There may be an increased pigmentation of the skin, generalized weakness, and weight lost

68
Q

Adrenal feminization

A

Development of female secondary sexual characteristics such as breasts in a male. Often as a result of increased estrogen secretion by the adrenal cortex

69
Q

Adrenal virilism

A

Development of the mill secondary sexual characteristics such as deeper voice and facial hair in the female. Often as a result of increased androgen secretion by the adrenal cortex

70
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Set of symptoms, named after US neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing, the result from hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex. This may be the result of a tumor of the adrenal gland. The syndrome a present symptoms of weakness, Adema, excess hair growth, skin discoloration, and osteoporosis

71
Q

Phenochromocytoma

A

Usually benign tumor of the adrenal Medela desecrates epinephrine. Symptoms include anxiety, heart palpitations, dyspnea, profuse sweating, headache, and nausea

72
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism the results and hyperglycemia and glycosuria. There are two distinct forms for diabetes mellitus: insulin-dependent mellitus and non-insulin-dependent mellitus

73
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Secondary complications of diabetes that affects the blood vessels of the retina, resulting in visual changes and even blindness

74
Q

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

A

Also calls type one diabetes. It develops early in life when the pancreas stops insulin production. Patient must take daily insulin injections

75
Q

Insulinoma

A

Tumor of the islets of Langerhans cells in the pancreas that secretes an excessive amount of insulin

76
Q

Ketoacidosis

A

Acidosis due to an excess of acidotic Ketone bodies (waste products). A serious condition requiring immediate treatment that can result in death for the diabetic patient is not reversed. Also called diabetic acidosis

77
Q

Non insulin dependent diabetes

A

Also called type two diabetes. It typically develops later in life. The pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin, but the sales field to respond to it. Patients may take oral hypoglycemics to her improve insulin function, or may eventually have to take insulin

78
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Damage to the nerves in the lower legs and hands as a result of diabetes. Symptoms include either extreme sensitivity or numbness and tingling

79
Q

Tetany

A

Nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypoglycemia. Hypoparathyroidism is one cause of tetany

80
Q

Recklinghausen disease

A

Excessive production of parathyroid hormone, which results in degeneration of the bones. Name for German histologist Frederick von Recklinghausen

81
Q

Acromegaly

A

Chronic disease of adults the results and then in location and enlargement of the bones of the head and extremities. There can also be a mood changes. Due to an excessive amount of growth hormone in an adult

82
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Disorder caused by the inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. There maybe polyuria and polydipsia

83
Q

Dwarfism

A

Condition of being abnormally short in height. It may be a result of hereditary condition or a lack of growth hormone

84
Q

Gigantism

A

Excessive development of the body due to an overproduction of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland in a child or teenager. The opposite of dwarfism

85
Q

Panhypopituitarism

A

Deficiency and all the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland. Also recognized because of problems with the glance regulated by the pituitary adrenal cortex, thyroid, ovaries, and testes

86
Q

Cretinism

A

Congenital condition in which a lack of thyroid hormones may result in arrested physical and mental development

87
Q

Goiter

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

88
Q

Grave’s disease

A

Condition name for hours physician Robert Graves the results and overactivity of the thyroid gland and can cause a crisis situation. Symptoms include exophthalmos and goiter. A type of hypothyroidism

89
Q

Hashimoto’s disease

A

Chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis, results in hyposecretion of thyroid hormone

90
Q

Myxedema

A

Condition resulting from a hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in an adult. Symptoms can include anemia, slow speech, swollen facial features, edematous skin, drowsiness, and mental Lethargy

91
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

Condition resulting from Mark overproduction of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include rapid heart action, tremors, enlarged thyroid gland, weight loss and exophthalmos

92
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor in the gland that is capable of producing go hormones secreted by that gland. One cause of hypersecretion pathologies

93
Q

Blood serum test

A

Blood test to measure the level of substances such as calcium, electrolytes, testosterone, insulin, and glucose. Used to assist in determining the function of various endocrine glands

94
Q

Fasting blood sugar (FBS)

A

Blood test to measure the amount of sugar circulating throughout the body after a 12 hour fast

95
Q

Glucose tolerance test (GTT)

A

Test to determine the blood sugar level. A measured dose of glucose is given to a patient either orally or intravenously. What samples are then drawn to certain intervals to determine the ability of the patient to use glucose. Use for diabetic patients to determine their insulin response to glucose

96
Q

Protein bound iodine test (PBI)

A

Blood test to measure the concentration of thyroxine (T4) circulating in the bloodstream. The iodine becomes bound to the protein in the blood and can be measured. Useful in establishing thyroid function

97
Q

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

A

Test used to measure the levels of hormones in the plasma of the blood

98
Q

Thyroid function test (TFT)

A

Blood test used to measure the levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroid stimulating hormone in the bloodstream to assist in determining thyroid function

99
Q

Total calcium

A

Blood test to measure the total amount of calcium to assist in determining parathyroid and bone disorders

100
Q

Two-hour post prandial glucose tolerance test

A

Blood test to assist in evaluating glucose metabolism. The patient eats a high carbohydrate dinner and then says his overnight before the test. Then the blood sample is taking two hours after a meal

101
Q

Thyroid echogram

A

Ultrasound examination of the thyroid that can assist in distinguishing a thyroid nodule from a cyst

102
Q

Thyroid scan

A

Test in which radio active iodine is administered the localizes in the thyroid gland. The Gland can then be visualized with a scanning device to take the pathologies such as tumors

103
Q

Chemical throidectomy

A

Large dose of radioactive iodine is given in order to secure thyroid gland cells without having to actually do surgery

104
Q

Hormone replacement therapy

A

Artificial replacement of hormones in patients with hyposecretion disorders. Maybe oral pills, injection, or adhesive skin patches

105
Q

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy

A

Removal of the adrenal gland through a small incision in the abdomen is using endoscopic instruments

106
Q

Lobectomy

A

Removal of a lobe from an organ.

107
Q

Anti-thyroid agents

A

Medication given to block production of the thyroid hormones in patients with hypersecretion disorders

108
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Used to treat severe chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Also used to treat adrenal cortex hyposecretion disorders

109
Q

Human growth hormone therapy

A

Stimulate skeletal growth. Used to treat children with abnormally short stature

110
Q

Insulin

A

A minister to replace insulin for type one diabetes or to treat severe type 2 diabetes

111
Q

Oral hypoglycemic agents

A

Medications taken by mouth because of the increase in blood sugar. Not used for insulin dependent patients

112
Q

Thyroid replacement hormone

A

Hormone replacement therapy for patients with hypothyroidism or who have had thyroidectomy

113
Q

Vasopressin

A

Given to control diabetes insipdus and promote reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules

114
Q

α

A

Alpha

115
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenalcorticotropin hormone

116
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone

117
Q

β

A

Beta

118
Q

BMR

A

Basal metabolic rate

119
Q

DI

A

Diabetes insipidus

120
Q

DM

A

Diabetes mellitus

121
Q

FBS

A

Fasting blood sugar

122
Q

FSH

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

123
Q

GH

A

Growth hormone

124
Q

GTT

A

Glucose tolerance test

125
Q

IDDM

A

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

126
Q

K+

A

Potassium

127
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing hormone

128
Q

MSH

A

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

129
Q

Na+

A

Sodium

130
Q

NIDDM

A

Non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

131
Q

PBI

A

Protein bound Iodine

132
Q

PRL

A

Prolactin

133
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone

134
Q

RAI

A

Radioactive iodine

135
Q

RIA

A

Radioimmunoassay

136
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine

137
Q

T4

A

Thyroxine

138
Q

TFT

A

Thyroid function test

139
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Medical Terminolgy (4 decks)

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