Chapter 11 - Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
Acr/o
A
Extremities
2
Q
Adren/o
A
Adrenal glands
3
Q
Andr/o
A
Male
4
Q
Calc/o
A
Calcium
5
Q
Crin/o
A
Secrete
6
Q
Estr/o
A
Female
7
Q
Glyc/o
A
Sugar
8
Q
Glycos/o
A
Sugar
9
Q
Gonad/o
A
Sex glands
10
Q
Home/o
A
Sameness
11
Q
Kal/I
A
Potassium
12
Q
Natr/o
A
Sodium
13
Q
Ophthalm/o
A
Eye
14
Q
Pancreat/o
A
Pancreas
15
Q
Parathyroid/o
A
Parathyroid Gland
16
Q
Pineal/o
A
Pineal gland
17
Q
Pituitar/o
A
Pituitary gland
18
Q
Thym/o
A
Thymus gland
19
Q
Thyroid/o
A
Thyroid gland
20
Q
Toxic/o
A
Poison
21
Q
-crine
A
To secrete
22
Q
-dipsia
A
Thirst
23
Q
-prandial
A
Relation to a meal
24
Q
-tropin
A
Stimulate
25
Adrenal
Pertaining to the Adrenal glands
26
Adrenomegaly
Enlarged adrenal gland
27
Adrenopathy
Adrenal gland disease
28
Adrenalectomy
Removal of adrenal gland
29
Adrenalitis
Inflammation of an adrenal gland
30
Hypercalcemia
Excessive calcium in the blood
31
Hypocalcemia
Low calcium in the blood
32
Endochronologist
Specialist in the endocrine system
33
Endocrinopathy
Endocrine system disease
34
Hyperglycemia
Excessive sugar in the blood
35
Hypoglycemia
Low sugar in the blood
36
Hyperkalemia
Excessive potassium in the blood
37
Pancreatic
Pertaining to the pancreas
38
Parathyroidal
Pertaining to the parathyroid gland
39
Parathyroidectomy
Removal of the parathyroid gland
40
Hyperparathyroidism
State of excessive parathyroid
41
Hypoparathyroidism
State of insufficient parathyroid
42
Pituitary
Pertaining to the pituitary gland
43
Hypopituitarism
State of insufficient pituitary
44
Hyperpituitarism
State of excessive pituitary
45
Thymic
Pertaining to the thymus gland
46
Thymectomy
Removal of the thymus
47
Thymitis
Thymus inflammation
48
Thymoma
Thymus tumor
49
Thyromegaly
Enlarged thyroid
50
Thyroidal
Pertaining to the thyroid gland
51
Thyroidectomy
Removal of the thyroid
52
Hyperthyroidism
State of excessive thyroid
53
Hypothyroidism
State of insufficient thyroid
54
Polydispsia
Many (excessive) thirst
55
Polyuria
Condition of too much urine
56
Glycosuria
Sugar in the urine
57
Acidosis
Excessive acidity of body fluids due to the accumulation of acids, as in diabetic acidosis
58
Edema
Condition in which the body tissues contain excessive amounts of fluid
59
Endochrinology
Branch of medicine and evolving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of endocrine glands. Physician is the endocrinologist
60
Exophthalmos
Condition in which the eyeballs protrude such as in graves disease. This is generally caused by an overproduction of thyroid hormone
61
Gynecomastia
Development of breast tissue in males. May be a symptom of adrenal feminization
62
Hirsutism
Condition of having an excessive amount of hair. Term generally used to describe females who have the adult male pattern of Hair growth. Can be the result of a hormonal imbalance
63
Hypersecretion
Excessive hormone production by endocrine gland
64
Hyposecretion
Deficient hormone production by endocrine gland
65
Obesity
Having an abnormal amount of fat in the body
66
Syndrome
Group of symptoms and signs that, when combined, present a clinical picture of a disease or condition
67
Addison's disease
Disease name for bridges physician Thomas Edison the results from a deficiency of adrenocortical hormones. There may be an increased pigmentation of the skin, generalized weakness, and weight lost
68
Adrenal feminization
Development of female secondary sexual characteristics such as breasts in a male. Often as a result of increased estrogen secretion by the adrenal cortex
69
Adrenal virilism
Development of the mill secondary sexual characteristics such as deeper voice and facial hair in the female. Often as a result of increased androgen secretion by the adrenal cortex
70
Cushing's syndrome
Set of symptoms, named after US neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing, the result from hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex. This may be the result of a tumor of the adrenal gland. The syndrome a present symptoms of weakness, Adema, excess hair growth, skin discoloration, and osteoporosis
71
Phenochromocytoma
Usually benign tumor of the adrenal Medela desecrates epinephrine. Symptoms include anxiety, heart palpitations, dyspnea, profuse sweating, headache, and nausea
72
Diabetes mellitus
Chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism the results and hyperglycemia and glycosuria. There are two distinct forms for diabetes mellitus: insulin-dependent mellitus and non-insulin-dependent mellitus
73
Diabetic retinopathy
Secondary complications of diabetes that affects the blood vessels of the retina, resulting in visual changes and even blindness
74
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Also calls type one diabetes. It develops early in life when the pancreas stops insulin production. Patient must take daily insulin injections
75
Insulinoma
Tumor of the islets of Langerhans cells in the pancreas that secretes an excessive amount of insulin
76
Ketoacidosis
Acidosis due to an excess of acidotic Ketone bodies (waste products). A serious condition requiring immediate treatment that can result in death for the diabetic patient is not reversed. Also called diabetic acidosis
77
Non insulin dependent diabetes
Also called type two diabetes. It typically develops later in life. The pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin, but the sales field to respond to it. Patients may take oral hypoglycemics to her improve insulin function, or may eventually have to take insulin
78
Peripheral neuropathy
Damage to the nerves in the lower legs and hands as a result of diabetes. Symptoms include either extreme sensitivity or numbness and tingling
79
Tetany
Nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypoglycemia. Hypoparathyroidism is one cause of tetany
80
Recklinghausen disease
Excessive production of parathyroid hormone, which results in degeneration of the bones. Name for German histologist Frederick von Recklinghausen
81
Acromegaly
Chronic disease of adults the results and then in location and enlargement of the bones of the head and extremities. There can also be a mood changes. Due to an excessive amount of growth hormone in an adult
82
Diabetes insipidus
Disorder caused by the inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. There maybe polyuria and polydipsia
83
Dwarfism
Condition of being abnormally short in height. It may be a result of hereditary condition or a lack of growth hormone
84
Gigantism
Excessive development of the body due to an overproduction of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland in a child or teenager. The opposite of dwarfism
85
Panhypopituitarism
Deficiency and all the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland. Also recognized because of problems with the glance regulated by the pituitary adrenal cortex, thyroid, ovaries, and testes
86
Cretinism
Congenital condition in which a lack of thyroid hormones may result in arrested physical and mental development
87
Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
88
Grave's disease
Condition name for hours physician Robert Graves the results and overactivity of the thyroid gland and can cause a crisis situation. Symptoms include exophthalmos and goiter. A type of hypothyroidism
89
Hashimoto's disease
Chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis, results in hyposecretion of thyroid hormone
90
Myxedema
Condition resulting from a hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in an adult. Symptoms can include anemia, slow speech, swollen facial features, edematous skin, drowsiness, and mental Lethargy
91
Thyrotoxicosis
Condition resulting from Mark overproduction of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include rapid heart action, tremors, enlarged thyroid gland, weight loss and exophthalmos
92
Adenocarcinoma
Cancerous tumor in the gland that is capable of producing go hormones secreted by that gland. One cause of hypersecretion pathologies
93
Blood serum test
Blood test to measure the level of substances such as calcium, electrolytes, testosterone, insulin, and glucose. Used to assist in determining the function of various endocrine glands
94
Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Blood test to measure the amount of sugar circulating throughout the body after a 12 hour fast
95
Glucose tolerance test (GTT)
Test to determine the blood sugar level. A measured dose of glucose is given to a patient either orally or intravenously. What samples are then drawn to certain intervals to determine the ability of the patient to use glucose. Use for diabetic patients to determine their insulin response to glucose
96
Protein bound iodine test (PBI)
Blood test to measure the concentration of thyroxine (T4) circulating in the bloodstream. The iodine becomes bound to the protein in the blood and can be measured. Useful in establishing thyroid function
97
Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Test used to measure the levels of hormones in the plasma of the blood
98
Thyroid function test (TFT)
Blood test used to measure the levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroid stimulating hormone in the bloodstream to assist in determining thyroid function
99
Total calcium
Blood test to measure the total amount of calcium to assist in determining parathyroid and bone disorders
100
Two-hour post prandial glucose tolerance test
Blood test to assist in evaluating glucose metabolism. The patient eats a high carbohydrate dinner and then says his overnight before the test. Then the blood sample is taking two hours after a meal
101
Thyroid echogram
Ultrasound examination of the thyroid that can assist in distinguishing a thyroid nodule from a cyst
102
Thyroid scan
Test in which radio active iodine is administered the localizes in the thyroid gland. The Gland can then be visualized with a scanning device to take the pathologies such as tumors
103
Chemical throidectomy
Large dose of radioactive iodine is given in order to secure thyroid gland cells without having to actually do surgery
104
Hormone replacement therapy
Artificial replacement of hormones in patients with hyposecretion disorders. Maybe oral pills, injection, or adhesive skin patches
105
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy
Removal of the adrenal gland through a small incision in the abdomen is using endoscopic instruments
106
Lobectomy
Removal of a lobe from an organ.
107
Anti-thyroid agents
Medication given to block production of the thyroid hormones in patients with hypersecretion disorders
108
Corticosteroids
Used to treat severe chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Also used to treat adrenal cortex hyposecretion disorders
109
Human growth hormone therapy
Stimulate skeletal growth. Used to treat children with abnormally short stature
110
Insulin
A minister to replace insulin for type one diabetes or to treat severe type 2 diabetes
111
Oral hypoglycemic agents
Medications taken by mouth because of the increase in blood sugar. Not used for insulin dependent patients
112
Thyroid replacement hormone
Hormone replacement therapy for patients with hypothyroidism or who have had thyroidectomy
113
Vasopressin
Given to control diabetes insipdus and promote reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules
114
α
Alpha
115
ACTH
Adrenalcorticotropin hormone
116
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone
117
β
Beta
118
BMR
Basal metabolic rate
119
DI
Diabetes insipidus
120
DM
Diabetes mellitus
121
FBS
Fasting blood sugar
122
FSH
Follicle-stimulating hormone
123
GH
Growth hormone
124
GTT
Glucose tolerance test
125
IDDM
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
126
K+
Potassium
127
LH
Luteinizing hormone
128
MSH
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
129
Na+
Sodium
130
NIDDM
Non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
131
PBI
Protein bound Iodine
132
PRL
Prolactin
133
PTH
Parathyroid hormone
134
RAI
Radioactive iodine
135
RIA
Radioimmunoassay
136
T3
Triiodothyronine
137
T4
Thyroxine
138
TFT
Thyroid function test
139
TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone
