Chapter 11: DNA and RNA Flashcards
DNA vs RNA
-DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix, while RNA is usually single-stranded
-The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, whereas RNA contains ribose
-DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, while RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine
Nucleotides are the building blocks that go into making up _____.
-Nucleotides are the building blocks that go into making up nucleic acids.
what are the Basic components of a nucleotide
A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base
what is the Role of phosphodiester bonds? what are they?
-to stabilize the structure of DNA and RNA
-form between sugar and phosphate to form the backbone of nucleic acids.
Why do the helix of DNA run in opposite directions? ( meaning that the 5′ end of one strand is paired up with the 3′ end of its matching strand. )
important to DNA replication and in many nucleic acid interactions.
What are Chargaff’s Rules
all double helix DNA will have the same amount of A and T as well as C will be same amount as G.
what are The 3 key properties of DNA defined by Watson and Crick
DNA has three constituents:
-1) a type of sugar called “ribose”;
-2) a phosphate (phosphorous surrounded by oxygen) responsible for its acidity; and
-3) four kinds of bases — adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).
what is the double helix nature of DNA as defined by Rosalind Franklin
the structure of DNA had two chains (what DNA looks like)
What is the Histone protein role in DNA structure
Histones help condense DNA into chromatin.
What are the parts of the Central Dogma
-The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA contains instructions for making a protein, which are copied by RNA.
-RNA then uses the instructions to make a protein.
-In short: DNA → RNA → Protein, or DNA to RNA to Protein.
What is Transcription
Transcription involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template,
What is translation
while translation converts mRNA into proteins.
How are codons related to protein synthesis?
A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a particular amino acid or signaling the termination of protein synthesis (stop signals).
