Chapter 11 Basic Concepts Organic Chemsitry

Question 1

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 1

The study of carbon compounds.
It was originally the study of compounds derived from living systems

Question 2

Define hydrocarbons

Answer 2

A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

Question 3

Define a homologous series

Answer 3

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties, and the same functional group, with each successive member differing by CH2

Question 4

Define functional group

Answer 4

An atom or group of atoms which are responsible for a compounds chemical properties

Question 5

Define Saturated

Answer 5

A compound contains only C-C bonds

Question 6

Define unsaturated

Answer 6

A compound that does not only contain single bonds between carbon atoms, including at least one Carbon double or triple bond

Question 7

Why is carbon so special

Answer 7

It can form four covalent bonds
It can bond to itself
It can form single, double and triple bonds

Question 8

How do you name compounds?

Answer 8

Find the longest chain
Identify substituent chains and functional groups
Highest priority at end
Number from the highest priority and lowest numbers used

Question 9

Name CH3CH(CH3)CHBrCH2COOH

Answer 9

4-Bromo-2-Methyl-Pentanoic Acid

Question 10

What is the priority of naming functional groups?

Answer 10

Highest:
Carboxylic Acids
Esters
Amides
Nitriles
Aldehydes
Ketones
Alcohols
Amines
Alkyne
Alkene
Alkane
Ethers
Haloalkanes

Question 11

Define Aromatic

Answer 11

Contains a Benzene ring

Question 12

Define Aliphatic and Alicyclic

Answer 12

Aliphatic- Contains C-C branched or unbranched, or in non aromatic rings
Alicyclic- C-C in a ring, with or without branches, but not aromatic

Question 13

Is cyclohexane aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic?

Answer 13

Aliphatic and Alicyclic
Not aromatic

Question 14

Is Benzoic Acid alicyclic, aliphatic or aromatic?

Answer 14

Aromatic- Contains a benzene ring

Question 15

What is molecular formula, and empirical formula?

Answer 15

Molecular- Show number and type of atoms in a compound
Empirical- Simplest whole number ratio of the elements in a compound

Question 16

How does Skeletal formula work?

Answer 16

Each end is CH3
Each point in CH2 unless bonded to another atom
Work out number of hydrogens

Question 17

Define Structural Isomers

Answer 17

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 18

What are the three types of structural isomers?

Answer 18

Chain- Carbon chain arranged differently (messing with methyl’s…)
Positional- Changing the position of the functional group
Functional- Changing the function group

Question 19

Define homolytic fission

Answer 19

When each atom in a covalent bond takes one of the electrons from the electron pair when the covalent bond breaks, producing two radicals

Question 20

Define heterolytic fission

Answer 20

One atoms takes both electrons from a covalent bonds when it breaks, producing an anion and cation

Question 21

What do curly arrows show?

Answer 21

The movement of an electron pair

Question 22

Define a radical

Answer 22

A species with an unpaired electron

Question 23

What are addition reactions?

Answer 23

When two reactants join together to form one larger product

Question 24

What are substitution reactions?

Answer 24

When one (group of) atom(s) replaces another (group of) atom(s) in a compound

Question 25

What are elimination reactions?

Answer 25

When one larger molecules has a smaller molecule removed from it