Chapter 11 Basic concepts of organic chemistry

Question 1

Why is carbon so special?

Answer 1

It has 4 electrons in outer shell
it makes 4 covalent bonds.
Either single,double, triple
they can bond with other carbons to make long chains

Question 2

Hydrocarbons

Answer 2

contains hydrogen and carbon

Question 3

Saturated and Unsaturated

Answer 3

saturated - every carbon has single bonds only
Unsaturated - has double bond or triple

Question 4

Homologous series

Answer 4

a family of compounds with similar chemical properties and have a general formula

Question 5

Functional groups

Answer 5

is the part of the molecule that is responsible for the chemical properties.

Question 6

three classifications of hydrocarbons

Answer 6

aliphatic - carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains
alicyclic - carbon atoms joined together in ring structures
aromatic - found in a benzene ring

Question 7

three types of aliphatic homologous series

Answer 7

alkanes - contains single carbon-carbon bonds
alkenes - contains one double carbon-carbon bond
alkynes - contains one triple carbon-carbon bond

Question 8

Skeletal formula

Answer 8

is simplified organic formula
you remove all fo the C and H labels and any bonds to H atoms.
a line represents a single bond.
the end of a line represents CH3.

Question 9

Structural isomers

Answer 9

compounds withe same formula but different structures.

Question 10

Isomers with same functional group

Answer 10

the functional group can be at different positions along the carbon chain.

Question 11

Isomers with different functional groups

Answer 11

sometimes two molecules with different functional groups may have same formila. Aldehydes and ketones do.

Question 12

Homolytic fission

Answer 12

Each atom now has a single unpaired electrons.
An atom or groups of atoms with an unpaired electron is called a radical.

Question 13

Heterlytic fission

Answer 13

The atom that takes both electrons becomes a negative ion.
The atom that does not take becomes a positive ion.

Question 14

Curly arros

Answer 14

they show the movement of a pair of electrons.

Question 15

Types of reactions

Answer 15

Addition - two reactants join together to form one product.
Substitution - an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms
Elimination - The removal of a small molecule from a large one.