Chapter 11 Aphasia Flashcards
What is the definition of aphasia?
Acquired cognitive linguistic disorder, typically secondary to left hemisphere stroke.
What are characteristics of aphasia?
1.Naming(usually most kinds of aphasia have this)
2. Fluency
3. Comprehension
What does it mean to be fluent/disfluent?
8+ connected words is fluent and 5 or less is nonfluent.
Definition of comprehension?
The ability to understand spoken language
Clinical interview questions for aphasia
- what type of cues help the patient the most?
-is the person in the spontaneous recovery period?
-what are the expectations of recover for family and patients?
How is aphasia considered within the who framework?
Impairment- refers to the disordered language.
Handicap- social consequences of the ability.
Disability- functional consequences of the disability.
What components of language should be considered when defining aphasia?
Cognition, semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, pragmatically.
Do cognitive processes in individuals with aphasia remain intact following a stroke?
They remain relatively intact following a stroke. But it is dependent on the site of lesion. Ex: frontal lobe
Why is the left hemisphere stroke the most common cause of aphasia?
Because language is represented in the left hemisphere for most people.
What is anomia?
Word-finding problems, which refers to difficulty producing language content in terms of appropriate vocabulary
What is the definition of a paraphasic error?
When an individual with aphasia uses inappropriate words.
An unintended word or sound substitution
What is a random paraphasic error?
When an unrelated word is substituted for the target
Neologistic paraphasic error
When a no word is substituted for the target
What is fluent speech defined as?
Eight or more connected words- grammatically intact oral expressions
What is non fluent speech defined as?
Less than five connected words.
What is repetition?
The ability to repeat words or sentences. Helpful in diagnosing
What is agnosia?
The inability to recognize familiar people. Typically present in right hemisphere but can be present in left also.
What is neglect syndrome?
The inability to perceive sensory information in the contra lateral visual field or difficulty with production of motor intentional acts in the space contra lateral to the brain lesion.
Agraphia
Writing disorder- an acquired disturbance in writing. It excludes penmanship.
What is agraphia?
An acquired disturbance in reading
What is dysarthria?
Impaired speech production due to disturbance in muscular control of the speech mechanisms secondary to damage in the central or peripheral nervous system.
What difficulties will someone with dysarthria have?
Respiration, phonation, articulation, reasonable, prosody
What do right brain lesions involve?
Cognitive communication issues such as difficulty sustaining attention, poor eye contact? Diminished topic maintenance, Impaired memory and prosody processing difficulties.
What is the main objective for assessing an adult who sustained a stroke?
Determine the effect of the stroke on language and communication.
What is the initial approach for diagnosis according to the book? What is it according to Dana?
Book- based on site of lesion
Dana- based on symptoms
How to determine diagnosis without case history/through assessment. What should they note?
Fluent or no fluent
Comprehension
Repetition
All done through receptive and expressive language tests
Parameters for assessment should include?
Considerations of patients, family, vocational concerns/expectations and evaluation on communication skills through expressive and receptive language tests.
Neglect vs hemianopsia
Neglect: inability to perceive sensory information in the contra lateral visual field or demonstrate motor intentional acts in the space.
Hemianopsia: sensory loss of half of a field of view on the same side in both eyes.
