Chapter 11 - Anatomy of the Spine Flashcards
Three primary ossification centers of the vertebra
- centrum: anterior vertebral body
- neural arch: posterior elements, pedicles, small portion of the anterior body
- costal element: anterior portion of lateral mass, transverse process, rib
Developmental origin of the nucleus pulposis
notochord cells
Developmental origin of the annulus fibrosis
sclerotomal cells
Most aggressive congenital scoliosis
hemivertebra with unsegmented bar on other side
Klippel-Feil syndrome
defect of cervical segmentation. (Cervical brevicollis)
Dorsal Column transmits what?
vibration, deep touch, proprioception
Lateral spinothalamic tract
pain and temperature
ventral spinothalamic tract
light touch sensation
Lateral corticospinal tracts
voluntary motor function
Most at risk cervical sympathetic ganglion
Middle ganglion, located at the medial border of the longus coli, at risk with C6 exposure
Damage to the sympathetic nervous system can cause what syndrome?
Horner’s syndrome - ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis
Innervation to the ALL, PLL, and intervertebral disc
Sinuvertebral nerve
Innervation to facet joint capsule
nerve to the facet capsule
What is the primary stabilizer of the C1-2 segment
Transverse atlantar ligament
How much lumbar lordosis occurs through L5-S1 and l4-S1
47% thru L5-S1, 75% from L4-S1
(average lumbar lordosis is 60degrees, range 20-80)