Chapter 11

Question 1

Which of the following is an element likely to define an aggravated assault?
A. burns inflicted over a large area of a person’s body
B. injury as a result of an accident
C. damage caused to a rental property
D. wounds as a result of self-inflicted abuse

Answer 1

Answer: A

Question 2

Which of the following is a characteristic of a simple assault?
A. high probability of death
B. threats by one person to cause bodily harm
C. serious, permanent disfigurement
D. loss or impairment of body members or organs

Answer 2

Answer: B

Question 3

Under which of the following circumstances can a victim use lethal force against the attacker for self-defense?
A. before the attacker physically assaults the victim
B. when the victim risks further peril during escape
C. if the victim wants to punish the attacker
D. when attacker makes derogatory gestures

Answer 3

Answer: B

Question 4

Tim Burns fears for his life from an attacker. Which of the following rules must he follow in defending himself from his attacker?
A. Tim is obligated to first attempt to retreat from his attacker.
B. Tim must use only the degree of force necessary to stop his attacker.
C. Tim must wait until he has actually been physically assaulted by his attacker.
D. Tim is obligated to warn his attacker about the intended retaliation.

Answer 4

Answer: B

Question 5

. The “protection orders” passed by many states in the 1970s and 1980s were created for which of the following purposes?
A. prohibiting men from abusing their wives
B. treating domestic violence as a victimless crime
C. encouraging victims of domestic violence to seek medical treatment
D. protecting men from warrantless arrests if police didn’t witness the assault

Answer 5

Answer: A

Question 6

Which of the following actions is NOT encouraged when responding to a domestic violence call?
A. Interview the victim and the suspect separately.
B. Park the patrol car away from the scene.
C. Read the Miranda warning upon first contact with the suspect.
D. Reduce the level of tension at the scene.

Answer 6

Answer: C

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that police should consider when determining the primary physical aggressor in a domestic violence case?
A. relative seriousness of the injuries to each person
B. whether one of the assaults was committed in self-defense
C. prior domestic violence against either person
D. amount of emotional pain in the relationship

Answer 7

Answer: D

Question 8

Which of the following statements is the best interpretation of the “no drop” policy that has been adopted in several states?
A. Arrested persons under domestic abuse laws must not drop child support payments prior to trial.
B. Once a person accuses another with abuse, that person always agrees to testify should the case come to trial.
C. Battered children must not be dropped off in foster care until the batterer is prosecuted in a court of law.
D. If a battered wife refuses to testify, officers may use 9-1-1 tapes to ensure the prosecution of the offender.

Answer 8

Answer: D

Question 9

. In which of the following ways is stalking distinguishable from many other types of crime?
A. It often victimizes children.
B. Most of the time the victim doesn’t know the perpetrator.
C. A high percentage of all cases result in criminal prosecution.
D. It entails repeat victimization of a person the offender targets.

Answer 9

Answer: D

Question 10

An estimated 70 to 80 percent of stalking cases fall into which of the following categories?
	A.	intimate or former intimate stalking
	B.	acquaintance stalking
	C.	stranger stalking
	D.	cyberstalking

Answer 10

Answer: A

Question 11

Parties involved in which of the following may act for the purpose of increasing group cohesion among friends?
	A.	stranger stalking
	B.	assaults in bars
	C.	domestic violence
	D.	sexual assaults

Answer 11

Answer: B

Question 12

According to the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), which of the following is the most accurate definition of forcible rape?
A. assault on a girl below the age of consent
B. sexual offenses or attacks on males
C. carnal knowledge of a female forcibly
D. physical abuse of a person of the same sex

Answer 12

Answer: C

Question 13

Approximately what percentage of sexual assaults go unreported to authorities?
	A.	10 percent
	B.	30 percent
	C.	70 percent
	D.	50 percent

Answer 13

Answer: D

Question 14

Which of the following is the first duty of a police officer who arrives at the scene of a rape?
A. Secure the crime scene and search for physical evidence.
B. Contact the dispatcher immediately with pertinent basic facts.
C. Question the victim about the attack if she is able to speak.
D. Aid the victim and obtain medical attention immediately if required.

Answer 14

Answer: D

Question 15

. Officer Shultz is a rape investigator who will be conducting a follow-up interview with a rape victim. Which of the following actions is NOT recommended during the interview?
A. Conduct the interview with an efficient, business-like tone.
B. Allow the victim to describe what occurred in her own words.
C. Allow the victim a ventilation period following opening remarks.
D. Explore prior consensual sexual relations with the offender.

Answer 15

Answer: A

Question 16

Which of the following rapists has a nickname “gentleman rapist”?
	A.	anger-excitation rapist
	B.	anger-retaliatory rapist
	C.	power-assertive rapist
	D.	power-reassurance rapist

Answer 16

Answer: D

Question 17

Which of the following most accurately describes Rohypnol?
A. smears from all areas that victim states were bitten or licked
B. forensic exam conducted by forensically trained physicians
C. pharmaceutical substance nicknamed “the date rape drug”
D. genital and nongenital photography collected as forensic evidence

Answer 17

Answer: C

Question 18

Which of the following are the basic elements of the crime of rape?
		 I.	Carnal knowledge
		II.	Lack of consent
		III.	Forcible submission
	A.	I, II, III
	B.	I, II
	C.	II, III
	D.	I, III

Answer 18

Answer: A

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of an anger-excitation rapist?
A. asks the victim to remove her clothing
B. selects a victim of opportunity
C. uses much profanity and degrading language
D. acts out violent fantasies during the assault

Answer 19

Answer: D

Question 20

Which of the following is a NOT characteristic of victims of the power rapist?
A. The victim will be alone at the time of initial contact.
B. The victim is typically attacked by surprise.
C. The victim is selected as one who will resist attack.
D. The victim is usually the same race as the rapist

Answer 20

Answer: C

Question 21

Hector steps out of a side alley and stops a passing woman by grabbing her arm. He then speaks to her in a threatening manner for approximately one minute before pushing her to the ground and raping her. Which method of approach has Hector used?
	A.	blitz approach
	B.	surprise approach
	C.	con approach
	D.	brutal approach

Answer 21

Answer: B

Question 22

According to Hazelwood and Burgess, the use of force may include which of the following levels of severity?
A. reassurance, power, anger, excitation
B. simple, aggravated, domestic, sexual
C. restrained, mutual, intimate, submission
D. minimal, moderate, excessive, brutal

Answer 22

Answer: D

Question 23

Aggravated assault is usually committed with a weapon or by some means likely to produce great bodily harm or death.
How is great bodily harm defined?
A. Injuries that include a laceration that requires stiches, or a broken bone, or a fracture of a tooth.
B. Injuries that cause a high probability of death, or serious permanent disfigurement, or a loss or impairment of body members or organs.
C. Injuries cause pain, bruising, or other effects that temporality affect the function of a person’s mobility.
D. All of the above are included in the definition of great bodily harm.

Answer 23

Answer: B

Question 24

. John is in a bar with some friends. After having a few drinks, John talks to a woman sitting at a table with a couple of other women. Later, John walks to the restroom and accidently trips, pushing the woman he was talking with earlier. The woman is knocked to the floor and sustains a bloody nose. 
What crime has the John committed? 
A. Disorderly conduct. 
B. Aggravated assault. 
C. Simple assault. 
D. There is no crime.

Answer 24

Answer: D

Question 25

A 32 year old man is at a High School football game with his wife and two children. He is the father of a player and is cheering for the ‘home team.’ Another parent from opposing team is upset that the home team parent is cheering too loudly.

The visiting parent tells the man, “Knock it off! We’re trying to enjoy the game!” The home team parent ignores the comment and continues to cheer loudly. The visiting parent then stands up, clenches his fists and says to the home team parent as he is charging towards the home team parent, “I told you to shut up! Now I’m going to shut you up but putting my fist in your mouth!”

The home team father sees the other man approaching him with clenched fists and hears the threat. Before the visiting father has a chance to strike, the home team father punches the visiting father in the face and knocks him down. Police arrive immediately thereafter.

What crime has the home team father committed?
A. Simple assault.
B. Aggravated assault.
C. Stalking.
D. No crime was committed by the home team father.

Answer 25

Answer: D

Question 26

A 32 year old man is at a High School football game with his wife and two children. He is the father of a player and is cheering for the ‘home team.’ Another parent from opposing team is upset that the home team parent is cheering too loudly.

The visiting parent tells the man, “Knock it off! We’re trying to enjoy the game!” The home team parent ignores the comment and continues to cheer loudly. The visiting parent then stands up, clenches his fists and says to the home team parent as he is charging towards the home team parent, “I told you to shut up! Now I’m going to shut you up but putting my fist in your mouth!”

The home team father sees the other man approaching him with clenched fists and hears the threat. Before the visiting father has a chance to strike, the home team father punches the visiting father in the face and knocks him down. Police arrive immediately thereafter.

What crime has the visiting team father committed?
A. Simple assault.
B. Aggravated assault.
C. Stalking.
D. No crime was committed by the visiting team father.

Answer 26

Answer: A

Question 27

. A 32 year old man, Mike Anderson, is 6 feet tall, weighs 200 pounds and is in very good physical condition. He is waiting for the bus at a busy urban street corner. An 18 year old man, John Jackson, is 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighs 150 pounds. Jackson intends to attempt a strong-arm robbery. He walks up to Mr. Anderson and demands his wallet. Mr. Anderson ignores Jackson who says, “Look man, if you don’t give me your wallet, I’m going to kick your butt!” Mr. Anderson replies, “Go away, before you get hurt.” Jackson shoves Mr. Anderson and attempts to push him down. Mr. Anderson responds by pushing Jackson down to the ground, then jumps on top of him and repeatedly punches Jackson in the head until he is bleeding profusely and loses consciousness. Jackson’s injuries include a severe concussion, two lacerations over three inches long that require stitches, and the loss of two teeth.

What is the law regarding self-defense in this situation?
A. Mr. Anderson is entitled to use whatever force he believes the attacker deserves.
B. Since Jackson started the incident and was involved in a criminal act, Mr. Anderson was entitled to use the amount of force in this situation.
C. An act of unlawfulness, in this case, attempted robbery, allows a victim to use any amount of force to stop the unlawful act.
D. Mr. Anderson was only entitled to use a reasonable amount of force and he exceeded that which is allowed by a claim of self-defense.

Answer 27

Answer: D

Question 28

. Police arrive at the scene of an altercation where six members of two rival gangs are brawling in a grocery store parking lot. Several of those involved in the fight have suffered nonlife-threatening injuries.
Of the following, what should the officers do first?
A. Provide medical aid to injured people.
B. Protect the crime scene.
C. Control and disarm those involved in the altercation.
D. Separate suspects.

Answer 28

Answer: C

Question 29

A man and a woman get into an argument in a bar. The man says to the woman, “You’re jealous and you’re fat!” The argument escalates and the woman kicks the man in the groin and punches him in the face, resulting in a broken nose.

Police are called in to investigate and they interview the victim, the suspect, the suspect’s girlfriends, several men that were sitting at the same table as the victim, the female bartender, and a couple unknown to anyone else in the bar.

Who is the best witness (or witnesses) in this incident?
A. The victim.
B. The men sitting at the table.
C. The bartender.
D. The couple unknown to anyone else in the bar.

Answer 29

Answer: D

Question 30

. In 1984, a study in Minneapolis was conducted to study different police responses in domestic abuse cases. The city was divided into three different responses. One response was to arrest, plus a night in jail. Another response was advising the couple to calm down and a third was ordering the suspect to leave his home for six hours.
What did this controversial study reveal?
A. There was no difference in the rate of future violence in any of the approaches used by the police.
B. A night in jail cut in half the risk of repeat violence against the victim in the following six months.
C. Advising the couple to calm down cut in half the risk of repeat violence against the victim in the following six months.
D. Ordering the suspect to leave his home for six hours cut in half the risk of repeat violence against the victim in the following six months.

Answer 30

Answer: B

Question 31

Two officers have been dispatched to investigate a report of a domestic disturbance at a home. After officers have entered the location of the domestic violence call and have secured the area, the investigation begins. The first rule is to interview the suspect and victim separately.
One officer is about to interview the suspect. What should the police officer do?
A. Read the Miranda warnings to the suspect.
B. Arrest the suspect.
C. Remove the suspect from the home and conduct the interview while the suspect is locked in the back of the squad car.
D. Interview the suspect without reading the Miranda warnings.

Answer 31

Answer: D

Question 32

. Two police officers are called to investigate a domestic abuse incident. When police arrive, they find a married couple engaged in a physical fight where the man is on top of the woman and he is holding her down by the shoulders while she is scratching his face and arms with her fingernails.

After separating the two, both are assessed for injuries and an ambulance is summoned to the scene. The man has multiple scratches on his face, his neck, and on his arms. His eye is severely injured.

The woman has what appears to be a black eye and her clothes are torn and barely cover her underclothes. The woman stated that he insisted on sexual relations and began pulling off her clothes and she kicked him in the groin and tried to run away. He caught up to her and started to pull off her clothes and she was trying to fight him off. She also tells police that she does not want to “press charges.”

The man told the officers that his wife was angry at him and he just wanted to have a little fun. Things got out of hand and she kicked him in the groin. He said that he just was trying to keep her from hitting him so he pushed her down. He doesn’t know how her eye got injured but insists that he is the victim by saying, “Look at me! Look at what that B_ _ _ H did to me!”

Who should police arrest in this situation?
A. The wife should be arrested since she started the incident with violence.
B. The husband should be arrested because he is the primary physical aggressor.
C. Both should be arrested since both were involved in mutual combat.
D. None should be arrested since neither wants the other to be arrested.

Answer 32

Answer: B

Question 33

A female college student is receiving sexually explicit emails and texts from someone she is somewhat acquainted with. Texts include, ‘I watch you get undressed every day.’ ‘I saw you in the cafeteria.’ ‘You shouldn’t walk to your car all alone after work.’

The officer investigating recognizes that this is clearly a stalking case. The officer suggests to the victim that she apply to the court to obtain a restraining order against the stalker.

What is the likely result of a restraining order in this case?
A. A restraining order is not likely to be issued by the court in this case.
B. A restraining order is highly effective and should result in the end of the stalking.
C. Restraining orders are often ineffective in cases like this one and the stalking is likely to continue.
D. The restraining order will result in an arrest, probably within 24 hours, thus ending the stalking.

Answer 33

Answer: C

Question 34

Generally speaking, most sex crimes, rape in particular, are thought to be grossly underreported by victims. How often do sexual assault crimes go unreported to police? 
A. An estimated 20 percent. 
B. An estimated 30 percent.
C. An estimated 50 percent.
D. An estimated 95 percent.

Answer 34

Answer: C

Question 35

A woman is at home and dialed 911 and says, “I was just raped.” What should the dispatcher advise the victim to do?
A. Do not change your clothes or shower.
B. Change your clothes and bring them to the hospital where an investigator will meet you.
C. To avoid sexually transmitted diseases, immediately wash yourself with soap for at least one minute in any area where bodily fluids may have been transmitted.
D. Go to the sexual assault victim center and an investigator will meet you there.

Answer 35

Answer: A

Question 36

What is the investigative goal of the police officer in interviewing a rape victim?
A. It is to gather evidence in order to convict the suspect.
B. It is to cross-examine the victim to identify potential pitfalls in her story to determine prosecution strategies.
C. To determine why the victim is the victim.
D. To determine if and how the crime occurred.

Answer 36

Answer: D

Question 37

An officer is interviewing an 18 year old female sexual assault victim. Describe how the officer’s attitude and demeanor should be in order to put the victim at ease. 
A. Highly objective and detached. 
B. Formal but non-judgmental. 
C. Informal and natural.  
D. Factual, using checklists.

Answer 37

Answer: C

Question 38

Loss or impairment of body members or organs is categorized as a simple assault.

True or False

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Police investigators at the scene of an assault should photograph the victim’s injuries.

True or False

Answer 39

True

Question 40

A very low percentage of female victims of domestic abuse refuse to testify against their abuser after he has been arrested.

True or False

Answer 40

False

Question 41

After completing initial tasks at the scene of an assault, it is advisable to conduct a neighborhood canvass in hopes of locating an impartial witness.

True or False

Answer 41

True

Question 42

While interviewing the victim of an assault, police should ask the victim to describe both the weapon and the motive for the assault.

True or False

Answer 42

True

Question 43

. The victim of an assault should accompany the officer on a search of the scene to point out evidence and to recount the occurrence.

True or False

Answer 43

True

Question 44

A federal law mandates that police make an arrest in domestic violence incidents if there is a protective or restraining order against the attacker.

True or False

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Forcible rape is the least reported of all violent offenses.

True or False

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Contemporary research holds that forcible rape is often an unplanned violent crime, which serves the offender’s need for sexual gratification.

True or False

Answer 46

False

Question 47

It has been estimated that 20 percent of all college women are victims of date rapes or attempted date rapes.

True or False

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Penetration, as an essential element of rape, means generally that the sexual organ of the male entered the sexual organ of the female.

True or False

Answer 48

True

Question 49

In common law, the unsupported testimony of the victim is not sufficient to sustain a conviction of rape.

True or False

Answer 49

False

Question 50

When investigating sexual assault, the interviewer should ask brief open-ended questions.

True or False

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Rape evidence may be present at the crime scene, on the victim, or on the suspect.

True or False

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Photographs of physical injuries should be avoided, so as not to embarrass the victim.

True or False

Answer 52

False

Question 53

A consent/release form must be provided separately by the investigator prior to the medical examination.

True or False

Answer 53

False

Question 54

Evidence taken from underneath the fingernails of a rape victim is of only marginal value in a court of law.

True or False

Answer 54

False

Question 55

During the victim interview, the investigator’s opening remarks should not show sympathy for the victim to avoid court challenges regarding objectiveness.

True or False

Answer 55

False

Question 56

The power-reassurance (manhood) rapist accounts for an estimated 81 percent of all reported rapes.

True or False

Answer 56

True