Chapter 11 Flashcards
(162 cards)
1
Q
Dermatology
A
Branch of medical science that studies and treats the skin and its disorders and diseases.
2
Q
Dermatologist
A
A physician who treats these disorders and diseases.
3
Q
Estheticians can NOT Perform
A
Any services on clients who have contagious or infections diseases.
4
Q
Estheticians can NOT Diagnose or treat
A
Any disorder & diseases of the skin beyond their scope of practice
5
Q
Estheticians CAN
A
Help clients with many common disorders and conditions such as rosacea, minor acne and sensitive skin.
6
Q
Lesions
A
Structural changes in the tissues caused by damage or injury. Any mark, wound or abnormality is also described as a lesion.
7
Q
3 Types of Lesions
A
Primary, Secondary, & Tertiary
8
Q
Primary Lesion
A
Lesions in early stages of development or change.
9
Q
Primary Lesions Characterized by:
A
Flat, nonpalpable changes in skin color or by elevations formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles or pustules.
10
Q
Bulla
A
Large blister containing watery fluid. Similar to vesicle, but larger
11
Q
Cyst
A
Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin.
12
Q
Macule
A
Flat spot or discoloration of the skin. Natural freckles, can also be red.
13
Q
Nodules
A
Smaller than tumors, caused by conditions such as scar tissues, fatty deposits or infections.
14
Q
Papule
A
Small elevations on the skin that contains no fluids, but may develop into a pustule. Less than a half an inch in diameter, and may have varied appearance in color and are either rounded, smooth or rough.
15
Q
Pustule
A
Inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing puss. Fluid consisting of white blood cells, bacteria and other debris. Small pus-contained blister that may or may not be caused by an infections. Acne pustules in hair follicles are not infectious.
16
Q
Tubercle
A
Abnormal rounded, solid lump; larger than papule.
17
Q
Tumor
A
Large nodule, abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive cell multiplication, varying in size, shape, and color.
18
Q
Vesicle
A
Small blister or sac containing clear fluid. Poison ivy produces vesicles.
19
Q
Wheal
A
Itchy swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction or stings. Hives, and mosquito bites are wheals.
20
Q
Urticaria
A
Hives, can also be caused by exposure to allergens used in products.
21
Q
Secondary Lesions
A
Skin damage, developed in the later stages of disease, that changes the structure of tissues or organs. Later stages of disease and change the structure of tissues and organs.
22
Q
Vascular Lesion
A
Involve the blood or circulatory system.
23
Q
Tertiary Lesions
A
AKA Vascular lesions, involve the blood or circulatory system.
24
Q
Crust
A
“Scabs” Dead cells formed over a wound or blemish while it is healing. Accumulated of sebum pus, and sometimes mixed with epidermal material.
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Excoriation
Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.
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Acne Excoriation
Disorder where clients purposely scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring, and discoloration.
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Fissure
Crack in the skin that may penetrate into the dermis. Chapped lips, cracked heals, and hands, are examples.
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Keloid
Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen) Usually found in those that are genetically predisposed to them, and may occur following an injury or surgery (Usually Fitz VI)
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Scale
Excessive shedding of dead skin cells; flaky skin cells; any thing plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily. Example dandruff or psoriasis
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Scar
Discolored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed. Tissue hardens to heal the injury.
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Hypertrophic
Thick elevated scars.
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Ulcer
Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth; deep erosion or depression in the skin. Normally due to infection or cancer. Requires medical referral.
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Disorders of the Sebaceous (oil) glands include:
Acne, Asteatosis, Comedones, Furuncle, Carbuncles, Milia, Sebaceous Hyperplasia, Seborrhea, Seborriheic Dermatitis, Steatoma.
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Acne
Chronic infammatory skin disorder of the sebaceeous glands. Characterized by comedones, and blemishes. Inflammation of sebaceous glands results from retained oil secretions, cells, and excessive Propionibacterium acne (P.acne) bac
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Common Acne is known as:
Acne simplex, or Acne Vulgaris
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Propionibacterium Acne
(P. acne) Bacteria
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Asteatosis
Dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency; can be due to aging, internal disorders, alkalies of harsh soaps or cold exposure.
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Comedo (Comedones; plural)
Noninflamed buildup of cells, sebum, and other debris inside follicles.
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Open Comedo
Blackhead open at the surface and exposed to air. The follicle is filled with an excess of oil a blackhead forms. Dark color is dues to oxidation occurring.
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Closed Comedo
Openings of follicles are blocked with debris and white cells. AKA Whitehead.
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Furuncle
A Boil, subcutaneous abscess filled with pus. Furuncles are caused by bacteria in glands or hair follicles.
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Carbuncles
Groups of boils.
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Milia
Epidermal cysts that are small, firm white papules. Whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin. No visible opening, often mistakenly called whiteheads. (whiteheads are softer) Hardened and closed over. Common in dry skin types. Has to be lanced or opened to extract.
44
Sebaceous Hyperplasia
Benign lesions frequently seen in oilier areas of face. Often white, yellow or flesh colored. Described as doughnut-shaped with an indentation in the center. Sebaceous material may be found in the center. Harmless lesions that cannot be extracted. Has to be removed surgically.
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Seborrhea
Severe oiliness of the skin.
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Seborrheic Dermatitis
Inflammation, dry or oily scaling or crusting, and itchiness. Red flaky skin often appears in the eyebrows, scalp, hair line, the middles of the forehead and along sides of the nose. Sometimes treated with cortisone creams. Sever cases should be referred to a dermatologist. Commonly known as eczema.
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Steatoma
Sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum and ranging in size from a pea to an orange. Usually appears on the scalp, neck and back.
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Wen
Steatoma
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Disorders of Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands
Anhidrosis, Bromhidrosis, Hyperhidrosis, and Miliaria Rubra.
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Anhidrosis
Deficiency in perspiration, due to failure of sweat glands. Often results from a fever or skin disease. Requires medical attention.
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Bromhidrosis
Foul-smelling perspiration. Caused by bacteria and yeast that break down sweat on the surface of the skin.
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Hyperhidrosis
Excessive perspiration, caused by heat, genetics, medications or medical conditions.
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Diaphoresis
Hyperhidrosis
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Miliaria Rubra
Also known as "prickly heat" Acute inflammatory disorder of sweat glands. Results in eruption of red vesicles, burning, and itching skin from excessive heat exposure.
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Inflammations of the skin
Dermatitis, Atopic Dermatitis, Contact Dermatitis, Perioral Dermatitis, Eczema, Edema, Erythema, Folliculitis, Pseudofolliculitis, Pruitis, Psoriasis, Urticaria.
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Dermatitis
Inflammatory condition of skin; various forms include lesions such as eczema, vesicles, or papules.
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3 Main categories of Dermatitis
Atopic, Contact, & Seborrheic
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Atopic Dermatits
Chronic relapsing from of dermatitis. "excess inflammation due to allergies" Irritants and allergens that trigger reactions that include dry cracking skin.
Dehydration makes worse, use humidifiers and lotion to keep skin hydrated.
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Contact Dermatitis
Inflammatory skin condition caused by an allergic reaction from contact with a substance or chemical.
Allergies to red dyes in products, and nickel in jewelry are common.
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Irritant contact dermatitis
Localized inflammatory reaction caused by exposure to caustic irritants.
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Dermatitis Venenata
Occupations disorders from ingredients in cosmetics and chemical solutions.
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Perioral Dermatitis
Acne-like condition around the mouth; consists of mainly small clusters of papules, not contagious. Antibiotics can help condition.
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Eczema
Painful itching disease of the skin; acute or chronic in nature, with dry or moist lesions. Refer to physician. AKA Seborrheic dermatitis, also a sebaceous gland disorder.
Characteristics: Scaling around, nose, ears, scalp, eyebrows, and mid-chest areas. Flaking mainly affects oilier areas.
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Edema
Swelling from fluid imbalance in cells. Response to injury, infection, or medication.
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Erythema
Redness caused by inflammation.
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Folliculitis
Hair that grows under the surface instead of growing up and out of the follicle, causing a bacterial infection. "Ingrown hairs"
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Pseudofolliculitis
"Razor bumps" Resembles folliculitus without the pus or infection.
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Pruitis
Medical term for itching; persistent itching.
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Psoriasis (Suh-ry-uh-sis)
Itchy skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales. Usually found in patches on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest and lower pack. Not contagious but can be spread by irritating affected area.
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Vascular Lesions Include:
Rosacea, Telangiectasia, Vasodilation, Varicose Veins.
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Rosacea
Inflammation of the skin characterized by extreme redness, dilation of blood vessels. In sever cases formation of papules and pustules.
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Rosacea Cause
Unknown but may be due to heredity, bacteria, mites, or fungus.
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What aggravates Rosacea?
Spicy foods, alcohol, caffeine, extreme temperatures, heat, sun, and stress.
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Vasodilation
Vascular dilation of the blood vessels.
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Telangiectasia
Vascular lesion, capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger or distended blood vessels. Commonly called "Couperose Skin"
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Couperose Skin
Telangiectasia
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Varicose Veins
Vascular lesions that are abnormally dilated, and twisted veins which can occur anywhere in the body. Sometimes treated with "sclerotherapy" Surgery is an option for serious cases.
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Sclerotherapy
Nonsurgical injection into the vein.
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Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Exposure, and direct skin contact to an allergen.
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Irritant Contact Dermatitis- What happens?
Immune system floods the tissue with water trying to dilute the irritant (why swell occurs.) Also releases histamines, which enlarge the vessels around injury.
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What do histamines do?
Cause itchy feeling that often accompanies contact dermatitis.
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Pigmentation Disorders (3)
Dyschromia, Hyperpigmentation, Hypopigmentation.
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Hyperpigmentation Forms
Chlosama, Lentigo, Melasma, Nevus, Stain, and Tan.
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Chloasma
"Liver spots" Increased pigmentation caused by sun exposure, or other causes. Melasma is a type of chloasma.
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Hyperpigmentation
Overproduction of pigment. Increased melanin causes the excess pigment.
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Causes of hyperpigmentation
Sun exposure, Acne, Medications, Post-inflammatory skin damage.
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Lentigo
Flat pigmented area, similar to freckles, small yellow-brown spots. Caused by sunlight exposure. These look a lot like freckles, but are caused by the sun, and not naturally occurring freckles.
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Actinic, or Solar Lentigenes
Sunlight exposure are liver spots called.
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Lentigens
(Lentigo plural)- Multiple "freckles"
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Melasma
Term of hyperpigmentation triggered by a change in hormonal levels. Often during pregnancy or birth control use.
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Pregnancy Mak
Melasma
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Nevus
Birthmark
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Stain
Abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration which is circular or irregular shape.
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Port Wine Stain
Birthmark which is vascular type of Nevus.
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Tan
Exposure to the sun causes tanning. A change in pigmentation due to melanin production as a defense against UV radiation that damages skin.
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Tan is basically
Visible skin and cell damage.
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Hypopigmentation, if caused by damage...
There is no way to reverse this.
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Hypopigmentation Forms (3)
Albinism, Leukorderma, Vitiligo
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Albinism
Rare genetic condition characterized by the lack of melanin pigment in the body, including hair, and eyes.
Risk for skin cancer, sensitive to light. Ages early. (Born this way)
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Congenital Leukoderma or Congenital Hypopigmentation
Technical terms for Albinism.
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Leukoderma
Loss of pigmentation, light abnormal patches of depigmented skin. Acquired due to immunological and post-inflammatory causes. **Loss of, had pigmentation before**
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Vitiligo
Pigmentation disease characterized by white irregular patches of skin that totally lack pigment. Can worsen with time and sunlight. Can occur at any age, believed to by an autoimmune disorder.
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Hypertrophies
Abnormal growths, many are benign, can be dangerous or cancerous.
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Hypertrophic
Thickening of tissue.
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Atrophy
Opposite of Hypertrophic- "wasting away or thinning"
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An example of Hypertrophies
Keloids
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Hypertrophies of Skin Forms
Actinic Keratoses, Hyperkeratosis, Keratoma, Keratosis, Keratosis Pilaris, Mole, Skin tag, & Verruca
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Actinic Keratoses
Pink or flesh colored precancerous lesions feel sharp or rough, result of sun damage. Refer to dermatologist.
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Hyperkeratosis
Thickening of skin caused by mass of keratinocytes.
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Keratoma
An acquired thickening patch of epidermis. Caused by pressure or friction. "Callus"
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Corn
A callus that grows inward.
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Keratosis
Abnormally thick build up of skin cells.
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Keratosis Pilarius
Redness and bumpiness in cheeks or upper arms. Caused by blocked follicles. Exfoliation can help unblock follicles, and alleviate rough feeling. "Chicken Skin"
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Mole
Pigmented nevus, brownish spot ranging in color from tan to bluish black. Somer are flat and resemble freckles; others are raised and darker. Hairs on moles are common. Changes in mole color or shape should be checked by a physician.
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Skin Tag
Small outgrowth that looks like flaps; benign often found in places from where skin is rubbed together, friction.
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Verruca
Wart. Hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis caused by a virus. Infectious and contagious, can spread.
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Contagious Diseases interchangeable terms (2)
Infectious or Communicable Diseases.
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Contagious Disease Forms
Conjunctivitis, Herpes simplex virus 1, Herpes simplex virus 2, Herpes zoster, Impetigo, Tinea, Tinea corporis, Warts.
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Conjunctivitis
Pinkeye, Inflammation of the mucous membrane around the eye due to chemical, bacteria, or viral causes. VERY Contagious, treat with antibiotics.
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Herpes simplex virus 1
Fever blister, or cold sore. Recurring viral infection. Vesicle or group of vesicles on a red, swollen base. Blisters usually appear on the lips or nostrils.
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Herpes simplex virus 2
Genital herpes. Peels, waxing or other stimuli can cause a breakout, even when not active.
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Herpes zoster
AKA Shingles. Painful skin condition from reactivation of the chickenpox virus; AKA varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Viral infection of sensory nerves characterized by groups of red blisters that form a rash that occurs in a ring or line. Typically confined to one side of the body. Can cause nerve, and organ damage. Severe pain that can last for months or years. Treated with antiviral drugs.
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Impetigo
Bacterial infection of skin that occurs in children; characterized by clusters of small blisters or crusty lesions filled with bacteria.
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Tinea
Fungal infection. Fungi feeds on proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids in the skin.
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Tinea Corporis
Ringworm, Forms a ringed red pattern with elevated edges.
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Tinea Versicolor
Non-contagious, also called pityriasis, vericolor.
Fungal condition that inhibits melanin production. It is caused by yeast a normal part of the human skin. Characterized by white, brown or salmon-colored flaky patches from the yeast on the skin. High humidity and, summer heat stimulate the condition, usually fades in the cold winter season, and recurs in the warm season.
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3 Types of skin cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Malignant Melanoma.
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
Most common and least severe. Characterized by open sores, reddish patches, or smooth growth with elevated border. Often appears shiny bumps that are colored or as light, pearly nodules. Sometimes blood vessels run through the nodules.
Caused by overexposure of UV radiation, can be removed by surgery or other medical procedures.
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Characterized by red or pink scaly papules or nodules. Sometimes by open sores or crusty areas that do not heal and may bleed easily. Can grow and spread to other parts of the body. More serious than Basal Cell Carcinoma.
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Malignant Melanoma
Most serious form of skin cancer. Black or dark patches on the skin are usually uneven in texture, jagged, or raised. Can be tan or white. May appear in pre existing moles. Often found on feet, toes, backs, and legs.
More deadly because it metastasizes throughout the body and to internal organs via lymphatics and blood stream. Many young people can die from this dangerous form of cancer.
Infrequent intense UV exposure may cause a higher risk for this cancer, than chronic continues exposure does.
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Cases of Acne
Genetics/Heredity, Clogged follicles, Bacteria, and triggers.
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Pilosebaceous Unit
Term for entire follicle. Includes hair shaft, sebaceous gland, and sebaceous duct or canal to the surface.
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Retention Hyperkeratosis
Hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up because they do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin. Excessive sebum production can overtax the sebaceous follicles and cause further cell build up. Consequently comedones are formed.
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Sebaceous Filaments
Similar to open comedones are mainly small, solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter. These filaments also block the follicle and can cause an acne breakout. They are often found on the nose.
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Bacteria
Bacteria in the follicles are anaerobic.
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Anaerobic
Cannot live in the presence of oxygen.
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Acne Triggers
Hormonal changes, stress, products and certain foods.
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Male Hormones also known as Androgen
Stimulate sebaceous glands. High levels of testosterone cause an increase in oil production, which leads to oily skin, and possible acne.
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Adult Acne
More common in females. Adrenal glands responding to stress produce extra hormones. They also fluctuate from birth control pills, pregnancy, premenstrual changes, and menopause. All of these can lead to acne inflammation.
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Stress
The adrenal gland responds to stress, and secretes adrenaline which helps us cope with stressful events.
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Comedogenic
Fatty ingredients such as waxes and some oils can clog or irritate follicles, these products block follicles which cause cell buildup, resulting in comedones.
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If client has chin and cheek break outs ask client about?
Diet, also could be sensitive to certain foods. Dairy is common.
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Food that can trigger acne
Excessive iodides in salt, MSG, kelp, cheese, processed and packaged foods. Especially fast food. Minerals obtained from an ocean source found in vitamins.
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Foods that help those with acne
Fresh vegetables, fruits, and increasing water intake.
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Acne Mechanica Breakouts
Pressure or friction from rubbing or touching the face, phone use or hats can contribute to this.
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Grades of Acne
Grade I, Grade II, Grade III, Grade IV
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Grade I Acne
Minor breakouts, mostly open comedones, some closed comedones, and a few papules.
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Grade II Acne
Many closed comedones, more open comedones, and occasional papules and pustules.
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Grade III Acne
Red and inflamed, many comedones with papules and pustules. *Be careful when extracting use calming products.
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Grade IV Acne
Cystic Acne. Cysts with comedones, papules, pustules, and inflammation are present. Scar formation from tissue damage is common. *Only do light facials, should refer to dermatologist.
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Adapalene (Differin)
A topical peeling agent similar to retinoic acid. May be less irritating trentinoin.
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Adapalene (Differin) Possible side effects.
Drying, redness, and irritation photosensitivity.
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Azelaic Acid (Azelex)
Topical acidic agent that flushes out follicles.
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Azelaic Acid (Azelex) Possible side effects.
Drying, redness, and irritation photosensitivity.
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Isotrentinoin (Accutane)
Oral medication similar to retinoic acid; used for severe acne. *Pulled from the US market in 2009 for extreme side effects, but still prescribed. Similar products may be harmful.
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Isotrentinoin (Accutane) Possible side effects.
Severe dryness, birth defects, other health problems; possible depression.
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Clindamycin
Topical antibiotic; kills bacteria
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Clindamycin Possible side effects.
Very drying
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Tazarotene (Tazorac)
Another retinoid; a topical peeling agent that may be less irritating than tretinoin.
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Tazarotene (Tazorac) Possible side effects.
Drying, redness, and irritation photosensitivity.
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Tretinoin (Retin-A)
Topical vitamin A acid. A strong peeling agent that is drying and also flushes out follicles.
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Tretinoin (Retin-A) Possible side effects.
Very drying, causes redness, and irritation photosensitivity.
