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AP Psychology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

personality

A

the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel and behave.

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2
Q

character

A

value judgement of a person’s moral and ethical behavior

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3
Q

temperament

A

the enduring characteristics with which each person is born

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4
Q

unconscious mind

A

level of the mind in which thoughts, memories and other information are kept that are not easily voluntarily brought into consciousness

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5
Q

id

A

part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious.

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6
Q

pleasure principal

A

principal by which the id functions the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for consequences.

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7
Q

ego

A

part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational and logical

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8
Q

reality principle

A

principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result

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9
Q

superego

A

part of the personality that acts as a moral center

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10
Q

conscience

A

part of the superego that produces pride or guilt, depending on how acceptable the behavior is.

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11
Q

fixation

A

disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psycho-sexual stage resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stage.

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12
Q

psycho-sexual stages

A

five stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of a child

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13
Q

oral stage

A

mouth is the erogenous zone weaning is the primary conflict

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14
Q

anal stage

A

1 to 3 years of age in which the anus is the erogenous zone and toilet training is a source of conflict

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15
Q

anal expulsive personality

A

a person fixated in the anal stage who is messy,destructive and hostile

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16
Q

anal retentive personality

A

a person fixated in the anal stage who is neat, fussy and stingy

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17
Q

phallic stage

A

3 to 6 years of age in which the child discovers sexual feelings

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18
Q

Oedipus complex

A

child develops sexual attraction to opposite sex parent and gets jealous of the same sex parent

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19
Q

identification

A

defense mechanism, in which person becomes someone else to deal with anxiety

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20
Q

latency

A

sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways.

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21
Q

psychoanalysis

A

term for both theory of personality and the therapy based on it

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22
Q

neo-Freudians

A

followers of Freud

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23
Q

personal unconscious

A

Jung’s name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud

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24
Q

collective unconscious

A

Jung’s name for the memories shared by all the members of the human species

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25
Q

archetypes

A

Jung’s collective, universal human memories

26
Q

basic anxiety

A

created when a child is born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults

27
Q

neurotic personalities

A

personalities typified by maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships in Horney’s theory.

28
Q

habits

A

in behaviorism sets of well learned responses that have become automatic

29
Q

social cognitive learning theorists

A

the importance of both the influences of other people’s behavior and of a person’s own expectancies of learning

30
Q

social cognitive view

A

learning theory that includes cognitive processes such as anticipating, judging, memory and imitation of models

31
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

Bandura’s explanation of how the factors of environment, personal characteristics and behavior can interact to determine future behavior

32
Q

self-efficacy

A

expectancy of how effective his or her efforts to accomplish a goal will be in any particular circumstance.

33
Q

locus of control

A

whether people believe they do or do not have control over the consequences in their lives.

34
Q

expectancy

A

a person’s feeling hat a particular behavior will lead to a reinforcing consequence

35
Q

humanistic perspective

A

focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice

36
Q

self-actualizing tendency

A

the striving to fulfill one’s innate capacities and capabilities

37
Q

self-concept

A

develops from interactions with important significant people in one’s life

38
Q

self

A

an individuals awareness

39
Q

real self

A

one’s perception of actual characteristics, traits and abilities

40
Q

ideal self

A

one’s perception of whom one should be or would like to be.

41
Q

positive regard

A

warmth, affection, love and respect that come from significant others in one’s life

42
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

without strings attached

43
Q

conditional positive regard

A

providers of positive wish

44
Q

fully functioning person

A

a person who is in touch with and trusting of the deepest , innermost urges and feelings.

45
Q

surface traits

A

aspects of personality that can easily be seen by other people in the outward actions of a person

46
Q

source traits

A

the more basic traits that underlie the surface traits, forming the core of personality

47
Q

introversion

A

dimension of personality in which people tend to withdraw from excessive simulation

48
Q

introversion

A

withdraw from excessive simulation (personality)

49
Q

Big Five

A

model of personality traits that describes five basic trait dimensions

50
Q

openness

A

willingness to try new things

51
Q

conscientiousness

A

the care a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness

52
Q

extraversion

A

one’s need to be with other people

53
Q

extraverts

A

outgoing and social-able people

54
Q

introverts

A

dislike being the center of attention

55
Q

neuroticism

A

degree of emotional instability or stability

56
Q

trait situation interaction

A

circumstances that will influence the way in which a trait is expressed.

57
Q

behavioral genetics

A

field of study devoted to discovering the genetic bases for personality characteristics

58
Q

interview

A

allows the client to answer in either a structured or unstructured form

59
Q

halo effect

A

tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client to influence the assessments of the client’s behavior and statements

60
Q

frequency count

A

assessment in which the frequency of a particular behavior is counted

61
Q

rating scale

A

assessment in which a numerical value is assigned to specific behavior that is listed in the scale.

AP Psychology (2 decks)

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