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AP Psychology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

personality

A

the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel and behave.

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2
Q

character

A

value judgement of a person’s moral and ethical behavior

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3
Q

temperament

A

the enduring characteristics with which each person is born

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4
Q

unconscious mind

A

level of the mind in which thoughts, memories and other information are kept that are not easily voluntarily brought into consciousness

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5
Q

id

A

part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious.

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6
Q

pleasure principal

A

principal by which the id functions the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for consequences.

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7
Q

ego

A

part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational and logical

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8
Q

reality principle

A

principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result

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9
Q

superego

A

part of the personality that acts as a moral center

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10
Q

conscience

A

part of the superego that produces pride or guilt, depending on how acceptable the behavior is.

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11
Q

fixation

A

disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psycho-sexual stage resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stage.

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12
Q

psycho-sexual stages

A

five stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of a child

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13
Q

oral stage

A

mouth is the erogenous zone weaning is the primary conflict

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14
Q

anal stage

A

1 to 3 years of age in which the anus is the erogenous zone and toilet training is a source of conflict

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15
Q

anal expulsive personality

A

a person fixated in the anal stage who is messy,destructive and hostile

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16
Q

anal retentive personality

A

a person fixated in the anal stage who is neat, fussy and stingy

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17
Q

phallic stage

A

3 to 6 years of age in which the child discovers sexual feelings

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18
Q

Oedipus complex

A

child develops sexual attraction to opposite sex parent and gets jealous of the same sex parent

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19
Q

identification

A

defense mechanism, in which person becomes someone else to deal with anxiety

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20
Q

latency

A

sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways.

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21
Q

psychoanalysis

A

term for both theory of personality and the therapy based on it

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22
Q

neo-Freudians

A

followers of Freud

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23
Q

personal unconscious

A

Jung’s name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud

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24
Q

collective unconscious

A

Jung’s name for the memories shared by all the members of the human species

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25
archetypes
Jung's collective, universal human memories
26
basic anxiety
created when a child is born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults
27
neurotic personalities
personalities typified by maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships in Horney's theory.
28
habits
in behaviorism sets of well learned responses that have become automatic
29
social cognitive learning theorists
the importance of both the influences of other people's behavior and of a person's own expectancies of learning
30
social cognitive view
learning theory that includes cognitive processes such as anticipating, judging, memory and imitation of models
31
reciprocal determinism
Bandura's explanation of how the factors of environment, personal characteristics and behavior can interact to determine future behavior
32
self-efficacy
expectancy of how effective his or her efforts to accomplish a goal will be in any particular circumstance.
33
locus of control
whether people believe they do or do not have control over the consequences in their lives.
34
expectancy
a person's feeling hat a particular behavior will lead to a reinforcing consequence
35
humanistic perspective
focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice
36
self-actualizing tendency
the striving to fulfill one's innate capacities and capabilities
37
self-concept
develops from interactions with important significant people in one's life
38
self
an individuals awareness
39
real self
one's perception of actual characteristics, traits and abilities
40
ideal self
one's perception of whom one should be or would like to be.
41
positive regard
warmth, affection, love and respect that come from significant others in one's life
42
unconditional positive regard
without strings attached
43
conditional positive regard
providers of positive wish
44
fully functioning person
a person who is in touch with and trusting of the deepest , innermost urges and feelings.
45
surface traits
aspects of personality that can easily be seen by other people in the outward actions of a person
46
source traits
the more basic traits that underlie the surface traits, forming the core of personality
47
introversion
dimension of personality in which people tend to withdraw from excessive simulation
48
introversion
withdraw from excessive simulation (personality)
49
Big Five
model of personality traits that describes five basic trait dimensions
50
openness
willingness to try new things
51
conscientiousness
the care a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness
52
extraversion
one's need to be with other people
53
extraverts
outgoing and social-able people
54
introverts
dislike being the center of attention
55
neuroticism
degree of emotional instability or stability
56
trait situation interaction
circumstances that will influence the way in which a trait is expressed.
57
behavioral genetics
field of study devoted to discovering the genetic bases for personality characteristics
58
interview
allows the client to answer in either a structured or unstructured form
59
halo effect
tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client to influence the assessments of the client's behavior and statements
60
frequency count
assessment in which the frequency of a particular behavior is counted
61
rating scale
assessment in which a numerical value is assigned to specific behavior that is listed in the scale.

AP Psychology (2 decks)

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