Chapter 11 Flashcards
Organic compound
Compound whose molecular weight is mainly carbon
Uses of d’organdi compounds in industries (6)
Detergents Cosmetics Plastics Pharmaceuticals Pigments Agriculture
Saturated
Contains only carbon - carbon single bonds
Unsaturated
Contains at least 1 carbon - carbon double or triple bond
Homologous series
Family of organic compounds whose successive members have similar chemical and structural properties, the same functional group and differ by CH2
Functional groups
Atoms or group of atoms that are bonded to organic compounds and give the compound specific chemical properties
Aliphatic
Carbon atoms bonded together in a straight or branched chains
No benzene ring
Alicyclic
Carbon atoms bonded together in a cyclical ring
No benzene ring
Aromatic
Some/all carbon atoms can be found in a benzene ring
Functional groups suffix
Alcohol Aldehyde (COH) Ketone (COC) Carboxyl acid (COOH) Amine (NH2)
Ol Al One Oic acid Amine
Functional groups (prefix)
Alcohol Haloalkane Alkyl Ketone Amine
Hydroxy Chloro, bromo, iodo Methyl Keto Amino
Molecular formula
Shows number and type of atoms present in a molecule
Empirical formula
Smallest whole ration of atoms of each element present in a compound
General formula
Simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series
Displayed formula
Shows the relative positioning of atoms and bonds between them
Structural formula
Shows the arrangement of atoms and which atoms are bonded to which
Skeletal formula
A simplified organic formula that shows the carbon skeleton and functional group only
Structural isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
Stiochoimetry
Grams / mr
/ lowest number
Homolytic fission
Bond breaks
Both atoms leave with 1 of the shared pair of electrons
Radicals
Atoms with an unpaired electron
Électrophile
Nucleophile
Atoms that accept an electron pair to make covalent bonds
Donate electron pair
Heyerolytic fission
Bond breaks
1 atom leaves with both electrons from the shared pair
Leaving an anion and cation
Reaction mechanism
Step by step sequence of reactions leading to an overall chemical change and equation
