Chapter 11

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

the system of glands that secrete hormones

Question 2

What is a hormone? What does it effect?

Answer 2

a chemical secreted by a gland that travels in the blood and has an effect on a target organ. The effects are slower and longer-lasting than responses from the nervous system

Question 3

What is the pituitary gland?

Answer 3

a gland that secretes several hormones into the blood. These hormones in turn act on other glands to stimulate other hormones to be released to bring about effects

Question 4

What is the pancreas?

Answer 4

the gland that monitors and controls blood glucose concentration

Question 5

What is testosterone?

Answer 5

male hormones produced by testes. Stimulates sperm production

Question 6

What is adrenaline?

Answer 6

a hormone produces by the adrenal glands in time of fear/stress. it increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles

Question 7

What is Thyroxin?

Answer 7

a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. thyroxine stimulates the metabolic rate. Important in growth and development

Question 8

What is blood glucose concentration monitored and controlled by?

Answer 8

the pancreas

Question 9

What is the body’s response when the blood glucose level is too high?

Answer 9

the pancreas produces a hormone called insulin into the blood stream this causes the glues to go from the blood into the cells, where it is either used for respiration or stored in liver and muscle cells as glycogen

Question 10

What is type 1 diabetes? How is it treated?

Answer 10

a disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin. this causes uncontrolled high blood glucose levels. Its treated with insulin injections

Question 11

What is type 2 diabetes? How is it treated?

Answer 11

the body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas. A carbohydrate controlled diet and exercise are common treatment. Obesity is a common risk factor

Question 12

What is glucagon?

Answer 12

a hormone produced when blood glucose concentration is too low. It causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood

Question 13

How is urea lost from the body?

Answer 13

it is excreted in urine

Question 14

How is water lost from the body?

Answer 14

through sweating, weeing (etc…)

Question 15

What happens if we gain too much water for our body’s cells?

Answer 15

the excess water dilutes the bloods sodium levels and causes fluids to move inside cells, which then swell

Question 16

What are the steps of IVF treatment?

Answer 16

• give mother FSH and LH to stimulate production of several eggs
• collect eggs and fertilise with father’s sperm in the lab
• fertilised eggs develop into embryos
• one or two embryos are inserted into mother’s uterus

Question 17

What is ovulation?

Answer 17

the release of an egg cell. It occurs approximately every 28 days

Question 18

What is FSH?

Answer 18

It’s produced by the pituitary gland. A hormone that causes an egg to mature in the ovary. Causes oestrogen to be produced

Question 19

What is oestrogen?

Answer 19

it’s produced in the ovaries. It causes blood lining of the uterus to develop. It stops FSH from being produced. It stimulates the release of LH

Question 20

What is LH?

Answer 20

It’s produced by the pituitary gland. It’s a hormone that causes ovulation

Question 21

What is progesterone?

Answer 21

It’s produced by the ovary. It maintains blood lining in the uterus. It stops the production of LH and FSH