Chapter 11 Flashcards
Stress and Stressors
Stress: Physical,emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to threatening or challenging events
- Stressor:Causeofstress reaction
- Distress:Effectof undesirable stressors
- Eustress: effect of positive stressors
Environmental Stressors
Catastrophes:
Unpredictable, large-scale events
- Create a tremendous need to adapt and adjust
- Create overwhelming feelings of threat
”Environmental Stressors”
Major Life Changes
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS): Measures the amount of stress in a person’s life over a 1-year period resulting from major life events
College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS): Measures the amount of stress in a college student’s life over a 1-year period resulting from major life events
“Environmental Stressors”
Lazarus and Folkman
Hassles: Frustrations, delays, irritations, minor disagreements, etc
“Psychological Stressors”
Pressure
The psychological experience produced by urgent demands or expectations from outside source
Uncontrollability: Degree of control over event or situation
“Psychological Stressors”
Frustration
The psychological experience produced when a desired goal or fulfillment of a perceived need is blocked
- Persistence
- Aggression
- Displaced aggression • Escape or withdrawal
Psychological Stressors
CONFLICT
Pulled toward two desires/goals, only one of which can be attained
Approach-Approach
Avoidance-Avoidance
Approach-Avoidance
“Physiological Factors: Stress and Health”
Autonomic NS: Sympathetic Division
“Fight or flight”
pupils dilate, no peeing, increased heart rate
“Physiological Factors: Stress and Health”
Autonomic NS: Parasympathetic Division
“Rest and digest”
increases saliva, decreases heart rate
Immune System and Stress
Immune System:
• Cells, organs, and chemicals that respond to disease, infection, and injury
Stress has been shown to put people at a higher risk for heart attacks.
“Immune System and Stress”
• Weight problems and stress
– Type 2 diabetes
• Cancer and stress
– Depresses release of natural killer cells
“Cognitive Factors in Stress”
Lazarus’s cognitive appraisal approach
Appraisal of stressors is major factor in level of stress
- Primary appraisal
- Secondary appraisal
Social Factors in Stress
Poverty: Lack of sufficient money to provide basic necessities of life can lead to many stressors.
Job Stress: • Workload • Lack of control • Lack of job security • Work schedule • Low job satisfaction • Burnout
Acculturative stress: • Methods of acculturation • Integration • Assimilation • Separation • Marginalization
Stress and Social Factors
Social support systems:
are important in helping people cope with stress
Social support systems
are important in helping people cope with stress.
