Chapter 11 Flashcards
Why had Europeans been kept out of Africa prior to the late 1800’s
Powerful African armies were able to keep Europeans out as well as malaria
Who was David livingstone
A missionary from Scotland who traveled Africa to promote Christianity
Who was Henry Stanley
A reporter hired to find livingstone after he went missing
Who was king Leopold II
The king of Belgium who commissioned Stanley to help him obtain land in the Congo
Colonization of the Congo/ treatment of natives
Leopold claimed his motive was to abolish the slave trade and promote Christianity but he brutally exploited Africans by forcing them to collect sap and many died due to abuse
What are the four reasons for imperialism
New market or raw material, nationalism, racism, and missionaries or spread of Christianity
Who was Cecil Rhodes
A successful businessman and a major supporter of British expansion
What are missionaries
People who traveled trying to change people to Christianity
What are the external reasons Europeans were able to conquer so much of Africa
Cure for malaria, maxim gun, railroads
What are the internal reasons Europeans were able to conquer so much of Africa
Varieties of cultures, primitive technology, ethnic wars, hundreds of languages
What was the Berlin conference
Meant to prevent conflict in European nations and lay down rules for the division of Africa. There were 14 European nations invited and no African leaders
What was the situation in South Africa before British involvement
Many competing claims over areas between ethnic groups
What were boers
Dutch settlers
What was the Great Trek
Several thousand boers moved north to escape the British
How was the new imperialism different from the exploration of the 15th and 16th centuries
In the earlier period, imperial powers often did not penetrate far into the conquered areas of Asia and Africa
What were the 4 forms of colonial control used
Colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, and economic imperialism
Explain the form of colonial control called colony
A country or territory governed internally by a foreign power
Explain the form of colonial control called protectorate
A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
Explain the form of colonial control called sphere of influence
An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
Explain the form of colonial control called economic imperialism
An independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments
What is an indirect method of management
Limited self rule, wanted to develop future leaders based on European style
What is a direct method of management
No self rule, assimilation, based on only European styles
What is paternalism
A policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but giving them rights
What is assimilation
A policy in which a nation forces a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs
Compare resistance movements in Algeria and German East Africa
Algeria resistances were military bases while in German East Africa they were religious based
What was the maji maji rebellion
Over 20 different ethnic groups rose up to fight for their freedom against Germans. They believed their war had been ordained by God and their ancestors would return to life and assist them
What was the outcome of the resistance movements
The resistance fighters were mowed down by the thousands and the Germans were shaken up and made government reforms
Who was menelik II
Emperor of Ethiopia
How did Ethiopia maintain its independence
Menelik played the Italian, French, and British against each other. He also bought weapons from russia
What were the negative effects of imperialism in Africa
Lost control of land and independent, death from European diseases and fighting, famines due to cash crops, breakdown of cultures, and division of the continent
Identify the positive effects of imperialism in Africa
Reduced local warfare, life span and literacy increased, and economic gains through developed railroads, dams, and communication
Why did the Ottoman Empire begin to fall apart
Weak sultans, quarreling factions, corruption, poor economy, and nationalism
What are geopolitics
Policies influence by geographic factors
What was the influence of the Black Sea/Crimea
Land locked countries had to go through the Ottoman Empire to get to the Black Sea
What was the Crimea war
A fight over land on the Black Sea
What countries were involved in the Crimea war
Russia, Ottoman Empire, Britain, France
What was the result/impact of the Crimean war
Russia was defeated and the ottoman empires weaknesses showed
Who was Florence nightingale
The first female army nurse
Who was Muhammad Ali
The leader of Egypt who made reforms in the military and economy
What change did Muhammad Ali make in agriculture and what were the effects
He made cotton a new cash crop which made a decrease a food production
What was the significance of the Suez Canal
It connected the Mediterranean to the Red Sea making trade easier
Who built the Suez Canal
The French and Egyptians
What eventually led to British occupation of Egypt
High debt from building the canal
What two countries took over parts of persia
Russia and Britain
What was the leading power in India
British east India company
The east India company rules with little interference from_____________.
British government
What are sepoys
Indian soldiers under British control
Why was India considered the brightest “jewel in the crown”
It was the most valuable of the British colonies
What were the positive effects of British rule over India
The laying of the worlds third longest railroad network, developed a modern economy, sanitation improved, and literacy increased
What were negative effects of British rule over India
The British help most political and economical power, British restricted indian owned industries such as cotton textiles, and reduced food production
What was the sepoy mutiny
Animal fat on weapons you hat to bite going against religion. British imprisoned those that wouldn’t do it. Indian soldiers rebelled
What was the impact of the sepoy mutiny
British government took direct control of India. Divided the country into provinces and districts
Why was Southeast Asia considered valuable european/western nations
Providing ports and trading spots
What lands did the Dutch claim
Indonesia
What land did the British claim
Singapore, Malaysia, and Burma
What land did the French claim
Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia (called French Indochina)
How did Siam remain independent
Siames Kings skillfully promoted Siam as a neutral zone between Britain and France
What is Siam now called
Thailand
How did the U.S. Obtain the Philippines
As a result of the Spanish American war
Who is Emilio aguinaldo
Leader of the Filipino nationalists
How did the U.S. Aquire Hawaii
American businessmen overthrew the Hawaiian queen
Who is Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaiian queen who was overthrown by wealthy American businessmen
What was Africa like before imperialism
It was divided into hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups and followed traditional beliefs
