Chapter 11 Flashcards
What is an intervening variable, and why is it so important?
Intervening variable is something that is used to explain the relationships between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses. Because it explains out actions.
What is one attempting to determine when one studies motivation?
The forces that act within an organism to initiate and direct behavior towards a specific goal.
Describe four sources of motivation.
Biological Factors
Emotional Factors
Cognitive Factors
Social Factors
Describe four theories of motivation.
Drive-Reduction: Homeostasis; satisfy needs
Optimal Arousal: Maintain optimal level of arousal
Instinct: Innate factors and biologically based behaviors
Incentive: Pull of external rewards
What part of the brain restrains our attempt to eat?
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
How does one’s culture influence eating patterns?
Eating and food selections are central to the way people function within their cultures- holidays, celebrations, vacations, daily family interactions.
Does biology determine sexual orientation?
Yes
What is need achievement?
Motive reflected in degree to which a person establishes specific goals, cares about meeting those goals, and experiences feelings of satisfaction by doing so.
What are two common forms of sexual dysfunction in females and males?
Erectile Disorder
Premature Ejaculation
How does one increase both job performance and job satisfaction?
Allowing people to set and achieve clear goals
What are three factors necessary to establish effective goals?
Making them personally meaningful
Specific and concrete
Management support
Approach-approach?
Avoidance-avoidance?
Approach-avoidance?
Multiple approach/avoidance?
App-app: one of two desirable activities
Avoid-avoid: Two undesirable alternatives
App-avoid: One activity/event has both attractive and unattractive features
Mult app/avoid: Two or more alternatives each have both positive and negative features
Six characteristics of emotion?
Emotion is temporary Emotion is neg. or pos. Emotion is triggered partly by thought Emotion alters thought process Emotion triggers action tendency Emotional experiences are passions
What controls facial expressions?
Extra pyramidal motor system
Three ways one communicates emotion.
Words
Movement and posture of bodies
Tone of voice
