Chapter 11

Question 1

What is AOS?

Answer 1

Problem w/ the motor programming of speech mvmts.

Question 2

Dysarthria is a problem with _______________.

Answer 2

Muscle/ mvmts.

Question 3

Aphasia is a problem with ________________.

Answer 3

Language.

Question 4

What are the four steps in speaking?

Answer 4

1) Speaker conceptualizes what is going to be said (this is where the message is determined).
2) Speaker formulates the message through selecting semantic, syntactic, morphological, phonological structures for the message.
3) Motor speech programmer plans the mvmts necessary to produce the needed phonemes. Activates a plan for motor execution.
4) Program sent through the nervous system to produce the mvmt (execution).

Question 5

What aspects are important when we are programming speech?

Answer 5

Duration, amplitude, acceleration, and deceleration, time to peak velocity, timing of speech events.

Question 6

What is the motor speech programmer (MSP)?

Answer 6

Tranforms absract phonemes into a nueral code so programming can occur. This code determines specific mvmts needed for speech.

Question 7

Where does linguistic input to the MSP mainly come from?

Answer 7

Perisylvian area in the LH.

Question 8

What does the perisylvian area include?

Answer 8

Temporal-parietal cortex, insula, BG, & thalamus.

Question 9

T/F Brodman’s area 3 is important and associated w/ apraxia.

Answer 9

False - Brodman’s area 6.

Question 10

Which are the specific areas thought to be primarily involved w/ the MSP?

Answer 10

1) Premotor area (BG, cerebellar circuits, Broca’s)
2) Parietal lobe somatosensory cortex & supramarginal gyrus (integrate sensory info that is needed for skilled motor activity).
3) Insula?
4) BG (striatum)

Question 11

T/F The supplemental motor area is a common site of lesion for apraxia.

Answer 11

False; not common.

Question 12

How do the parietal lobe somatosensory cortex and the supramarginal gyrus work together?

Answer 12

They integrate sensory info needed for skilled mvmts such as those used in speech.

Question 13

What are nonspeech chracteristics that may accompany AOS?

Answer 13

Right-sided weakness and spasticity.
Babinski reflex and hyperactive stretch reflexes.
They may also have limb apraxia (may be masked by hemiplegia or paresis)

Question 14

If pts complain of swallowing, what is likely the d/o?

Answer 14

Dysphagia or dysarthria- NOT AOS!

Question 15

Why is it important to note whether or not oral sensation is impaired?

Answer 15

B/c motor planning also involves sensory components.

Question 16

What is NVOA?

Answer 16

Problems w/ volitional mvmts of oral structures while the same mvmts may be performed involuntarily. Common w/ pts w/ AOS.

Question 17

What other kinds of apraxia should you assess for in pt’s w/ AOS?

Answer 17

NVOA & limb apraxia.

Question 18

How can you distinguish AOS errors from paraphasias?

Answer 18

AOS errors are due to articulatory distortions and paraphasias are errors like substitutions, semantic, etc.

Question 19

What subsystems are affected in AOS?

Answer 19

articulation and prosody.

Question 20

What are the 3 most important dx criteria for AOS?

Answer 20

1) slowed rate
2) sound errors
3) prosody abnormalities.

Question 21

What kind of sounds errors do pt’s w/ AOS exhibit?

Answer 21

distortions, predictable, and consistent errors.

Question 22

T/F If pt is mute for more two weeks, they should be diagnosed w/ severe AOS.

Answer 22

False; consider severe aphasia, anarthria, or psychogenic mutism.