chapter 11 Flashcards
anorexia nervosa criteria
Refusal to maintain more than 85% of normal body weight
Intense fears of becoming overweight
Distorted view of body weight and shape
two types of anorexia
Restricting type: just withhold nutrition and calories
Binge-eating/purging type
anorexia comes from a fear of
Of becoming obese
Of giving in to the desire to eat
Of losing control of body shape and weight
distorted thoughts associated with anorexia
Negative body image
Overestimate actual proportions
Other maladaptive attitudes and misperceptions:
“I must be perfect in every way”
“I will be a better person if I deprive myself”
“I can avoid guilt by not eating”
common medical problems associated with anorexia
Lanugo-fine silky hair that grows to keep body warm Organ deterioration Menstruation stops-amenorrhea Suicide Depression Hairloss
bulimia nervosa
Disorder characterized by binges and compensatory behaviors
later onset than anorexia
Patients are generally of normal weight
Often experience weight fluctuations
bulimia binges
Number of binges per week can range from 2 to 40 (average = 10)
Binges are often carried out in secret
Consume excessive amounts of food
Often preceded by feelings of tension
Initially pleasurable, but lead to guilt and other negative emotions
bulimia types
Purging-type bulimia nervosa
Nonpurging-type bulimia nervosa: fasting or excessive exercise
most common compensatory behaviors for bulimia
Vomiting
Laxatives and diuretics
common medical problems associated with bulimia
Dental decay
Irregular heartbeat
Liver and kidney damage
causal explanation for eating disorders
the more factors, the greater risk Sociocultural conditions (societal and family pressures) Psychological problems (ego, cognitive, and mood disturbances) Biological factors (genetic, biochemical)
role of mood disorders
mood disorders may “set the stage” for eating disorders
genetic tendency
Identical (MZ) twins: bulimia (23%); anorexia (70%)
Fraternal (DZ) twins: bulimia (9%); anorexia (20%)
These findings may be related to low serotonin
dysfunction of the hypothalamus
Lateral hypothalamus (LH): Produces hunger when activated Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH): Reduces hunger when activitate
family factors
As many as half of the families of those with eating disorders have a long history of emphasizing thinness, appearance, and dieting
Mothers of those with eating disorders are more likely to be dieters and perfectionistic themselves
Abnormal family interactions and forms of communication may also set the stage for an eating disorder “enmeshed families”
