Chapter 11

Question 1

Organic chemistry

Answer 1

study of the structure,properties, composition, reactions and preparation of carbon containing compounds

Question 2

Hydrocarbon

Answer 2

is a compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only

Question 3

Saturated

Answer 3

Contain single carbon-carbon bonds only

Question 4

Molecular formula

Answer 4

The formula which shows the actual number of each type of atom

Question 5

Empirical formula

Answer 5

: shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound

Question 6

General formula

Answer 6

algebraic formula for a homologous series e.g. CnH2n

Question 7

Structural formula

Answer 7

shows the minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a
molecule, eg for butane: CH3CH2CH2CH3 or CH3
(CH2)2CH3

Question 8

Displayed formula

Answer 8

show all the covalent bonds present in a molecule

Question 9

Skeletal formula

Answer 9

shows the simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains,
leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional Groups.

Question 10

Aliphatic:

Answer 10

a compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or
non-aromatic rings

Question 11

Alicyclic

Answer 11

an aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side

Question 12

Aromatic

Answer 12

: a compound containing a benzene ring

Question 13

Unsaturated

Answer 13

The presence of multiple carbon–carbon bonds, including C=C, C≡C and aromatic ring

Question 14

features ALSO

Homologous series

Answer 14

are families of organic compounds with the same functional
group and same general formula.
*They show a gradual change in physical properties (e.g. boiling point).
* Each member differs by CH2
from the last.
* same chemical properties.

Question 15

Functional group

Answer 15

is an atom or group of atoms which when present in different molecules causes them to have similar chemical properties

Question 16

-ane

Answer 16

c-c

Question 17

ene

Answer 17

c=c

Question 18

alcohol/ol

Answer 18

c-oH

Question 19

Haloalkanes

Answer 19

c-halogen

Question 20

Aldehydes

Answer 20

c=o, c-h

Question 21

Ketones

Answer 21

c=o

Question 22

carboxylic acids

Answer 22

c=o, c-oh

Question 23

Esters

Answer 23

c=o, c-o

Question 24

when do you remove the -E in alkane

Answer 24

when the suffix starts with a vowel

Question 25

when do we use hydroxy-:

Answer 25

If the compound has an –OH group in addition to another functional group with a higher priority. The priority group gets the suffix ending and the OH can be named with the prefix

Question 26

Order of priority | aldehydes, ketones, alkenes, carboxylic acids, alcohols,halogenoalkanes

Answer 26

Carboxylic acids>aldehydes>ketones>alcohols>alkenes>halogenoalkanes

Question 27

An aldehyde’s name ends in

Answer 27

–al

Question 28

Structural isomers

Answer 28

: same molecular formula different structures (or structural formulae)

Question 29

Structural isomerism can arise from

Answer 29

*Chain isomerism *Position isomerism *Functional group isomerism

Question 30

Chain isomers

Answer 30

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures of the carbon skeleton

Question 31

Position isomers:

Answer 31

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures due to different positions of the same functional group on the same carbon skeleton

Question 32

Functional group isomers:

Answer 32

Compounds with the same molecular formula but with atoms arranged to give different functional groups

Question 33

Homolytic fission:

Answer 33

each atom gets one electron from the covalent bond produces two free radicals represented by a .

Question 34

Heterolytic fission:

Answer 34

(one atom gets both electrons) produces ions ## Footnote two headed arrow shows movement of pair of electrons

Question 35

Free radical

Answer 35

is a reactive species which possess an unpaired electron