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yr 2 geog eye > chapter 11 > Flashcards

chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

how do transport systems impact the environment in cities

A
  • changes to physical environment
  • increased carbon footprint
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2
Q

how do transport systems impact people in cities

A
  • improved mobility for the elderly and persons with disabilities
  • traffic congestion
  • health and safety risks
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3
Q

how can transport systems be sustainably managed

A
  • laws and policies on transport
  • integrated land use and transport planning
  • provision of a range of mobility options for different groups of people
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4
Q

changes to physical environment examples

A
  • road development can reduce size of animal habitats
  • victims of roadkill
  • resolve: overhead bridge
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5
Q

changes to physical environment case

A

to make sg more accessible, part of sg river was diverted for construction of MRT tunnels connecting downtown stations

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6
Q

increased carbon footprint

A
  • all transport activities consume energy: petrol/biofuel
  • when petrol is burnt, it produces greenhouse gasses, contributing to carbon footprint
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7
Q

carbon footprint definition

A

measure of greenhouse gases emitted to support human activities

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8
Q

how does greenhouse gas lead to global warming

A

greenhouse gases trap heat
- excessive concentration leads to enhance greenhouse effect and global warming

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9
Q

transport and greenhouse gas

A
  • 23-30% of all emissions
  • as cities grow, transport systems ecpand, increasing carbon footprint
  • people rely on transport systems for travels -> consider different transport modes
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10
Q

carbon footprint transport modes (carbon footprint only, per 316km)

A
  • plane, bus, train, car
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11
Q

how do transport systems impact people in cities

A
  • improved mobility for the elderly and persons with disabilities
  • traffic congestions
  • health risks
  • safety risks
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11
Q

mobility definition:

A

ability of people and freight to move from one place to another
- allows access to goods and services, facilitates social interactions, improve quality of life

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12
Q

what limits mobility

A
  • physical capabilities/health conditions
  • elderly, pwd (persons with disabilities)
  • need more time and support to move around
  • they face barriers that hinder them from carrying out normal activities, limit opportunities and equal access
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13
Q

what will improving mobility do

A
  • add barrier free transport systems for them to move around and access opportunities independently
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14
Q

how to improve mobility

A
  • barrier free transport systems
  • tactile flooring
  • wider gates
  • indicator lights
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15
Q

silver zones features

A
  • gateway marked with fluorescent lights to indicate the start of silver zone
  • reduced speed limits
  • reductions of lanes to shorten crossing time
  • 2 stage crossing allowing senior pedestrians to rest while crossing
  • mountable centre dividers that enable emergency vehicles to pass when safe
16
Q

traffic congestions

A
  • occurs when road usage approaches/exceed full capacity
  • occurs during peak period when people are rushing home/work/school to and from the CB
  • long queues, slow-moving vehicles are indicators
    -affect physical environment and emotional well-being of those caught in traffic
  • tire out everyone
  • frustration and aggressive behaviour, lose concentration, accidents.
  • vehicle burn the most fuels while accelerating when constantly stopping and going in traffic, the amount of carbon emissions are more, worsening air quality
17
Q

health risks

A
  • air pollutants and particulate matter are released into atmosphere
  • smog is produced and is a health risk, causing lung cancer
  • actively reducing transport-related pollution by encouraging the use of public transport, walking, cycling
18
Q

using transport modes negative effect

A
  • noice pollution
  • noise pollution results in stress, sleeping problems, hearing impairment, increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure
19
Q

safety risks

A
  • road accidents account for 90% of all transport accidents
  • implications on healthcare, insurance, damage to property
  • regulating use of mobile devices while driving, setting up more speed camera to detect speeding, road safety education
20
Q

what does large crowds cause

A
  • theft
  • outrage of modesty
    -gender segregated transport
21
Q

how can transport systems be sustainably managed?

A
  • laws and policies on transport
  • integrated land use and transport planning
  • provision of a range of mobility options for different groups of people
  • ## reaserach and development
22
Q

law and policies

A
  • cities embarked on car-lite policies to reduce car usage by encouraging alternatives
  • constraining vehicle ownership and road usage
  • increase supply of public transport and promote environmentally friendly modes
  • change when things are costly , as public transport is more affordable
  • road pricing/congestion pricing manages congestion, shape travel behaviour, raise revenue to finance transport system
  • drivers are charged more when they use certain roads during specific time periods, costlier compared to public transport
  • ensure effectiveness of road pricing because traffic can be diverted
23
Q

integrated land use and transport planning

A
  • reduces need to travel
  • key to shaping the demand for travel and distance needed to travel
24
Q

land use planning meaning

A

where and how land should be used

25
Q

transport planning mea

A

process of forecasting the operation, provision, and management of infrastructure and services for various transport modes to meet current and future needs
- good planning ensure that transport facilities and services are able to move people and goods in a safe, affordable, convenient and environmentally friendly matter

26
Q

how to integrate land use and transport planning

A
  • requires close coordination and communication between different stakeholders to balance social economic and transport needs
  • takes time and involves huge investment in infrastructure design and development
  • to encourage mobility, designing and developing pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure is key
  • walkable distance should be around 5 minute
  • wide shaded paths with attractive building facades provide a comfortable experience
27
Q

reasearch and development in transport

A

mobile application to improve mobility, and more environmentally friendly transport modes.
- greener building materials and tevhnique

28
Q

mobile applicagtions

A
  • widespread information and technology enable better trip planning and facilitates sharing of rides and vehicles
  • provide real-time traffic information on travel time, cost, possible routes to undertake via various modes can shape travel habits and choice of transport
  • availability of seats and wheelchair facilities on public transport allow people to better plan their journeys, making public transport more attractive
29
Q

electric vehicles

A
  • smaller carbon footprint compared to other vehicles
  • reduce noise pollution
  • expensive
29
Q

mobile applications challenges

A

inaccuratei information may cause additional inconcience

30
Q

autonomous vehicles/driverless vehicles

A
  • suite of sensors to detect other vehicles
  • prevent road accidents and improve road safety
  • reduce energy consumptions
  • investment and time consuming
  • cybersecurity challenges
31
Q
A

yr 2 geog eye (5 decks)

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