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Anatomy (CH. 9-16) > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

Lymphatic System

1
Q

Exposure to the infectious agent; immune system creates antibodies against it

A

Naturally active immunity

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2
Q

An infant receives antibodies from mother’s breast milk that protect against the infectious agent

A

Naturally passive immunity

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3
Q

Exposure to non-threatening antigens in a vaccination that promote an immune response, and production of protective antibodies

A

Artificially active immunity

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4
Q

An injection of antibodies or antitoxins that protects from an infectious agent

A

Artificially passive immunity

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5
Q

A widespread defense that works to fight many pathogens without prior exposure

A

Nonspecific defenses

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6
Q

A defense that requires prior exposure to a pathogen so the system can recognize the pathogen, fight the pathogen, and remember the pathogen

A

Specific immunity

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7
Q

Which of the following types of pathogens is NOT cellular, and therefore does not have cellular structures such as ribosomes?

A

Viruses

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8
Q

Where are protective epithelial surfaces found?

A

All external and internal surfaces of the body

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9
Q

Which of the following is FALSE regarding normal flora?

A

Normal flora frequently cause disease

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10
Q

Which of these cells is capable of phagocytosis?

A

Dendritic cells

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11
Q

Which of these chemicals aids in inducing apoptosis in a virally-infected cell?

A

Granzyme

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12
Q

Which of these cell types is capable of producing cytotoxic chemicals against a multicellular parasite?

A

Eosinophils

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13
Q

Which of the following is largely responsible for swelling during inflammation?

A

Histamine

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14
Q

Vasodilation and capillary permeability might be helpful in an immune reaction because_______?

A

vasodilation and increased permeability allow immune cells to exit the blood and fight bacteria in the tissues

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT an effect of interferons secreted by an infected cell?

A

Interferons attach to viruses, resulting in destruction of the pathogens

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16
Q

Which of these cells or organs plays a role in destroying pathogens using complement?

A

Erythrocytes
Macrophages
The liver

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17
Q

Which of these statements is TRUE about macrophages?

A

Macrophages phagocytose bacteria when they recognize complement proteins on the bacterial surface

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18
Q

Which cell type destroys bacteria, fights against transplanted tissues, attacks cells infected by viruses, and destroys cancer cells?

A

Natural killer cells

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19
Q

Which cells are involved in humoral immunity?

A

Plasma cells

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20
Q

Where do the thoracic and right lymphatic ducts deliver lymph?

A

Subclavian vein

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21
Q

The lymphatic system is closely connected to what other system?

A

Cardiovascular

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22
Q

What lymphoid tissue is scattered throughout the mucous membranes lining tracts to the outside environment?

A

MALT

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23
Q

Which type of T cell is affected by HIV?

A

T Helper cells

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24
Q

T cells migrate from the red bone marrow to what organ to mature?

A

Thymus

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25
Q

Where does lymph travel?

A

Lymph moves through the lymph vessels to the collecting ducts and back into blood circulation at the subclavian veins

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26
Q

Which of the following falls under the second line of defense?

A

Inflammation

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27
Q

Which of the following does not fall under the first line of defense?

A

Antimicrobial proteins

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28
Q

What Lymphoid Tissue guards against pathogens entering the body through the nose or mouth?

A

Tonsils

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29
Q

Lymph is similar to what other bodily fluid?

30
Q

Which duct drains lymph from the head, the right arm, and the right side of the thorax?

A

Right Lymphatic Duct

31
Q

Which of the following statements about lymph and lymph vessels is true?

A

Lymph returns to the cardiovascular system through a network of open lymph vessels that drain the tissue of lymph

32
Q

What type of T cells directly kill cells infected by viruses and cancer cells in specific immunity?

A

T Cytotoxic Cells

33
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Lymphatic System?

A
  1. Transporting
  2. Absorbing
  3. Defending
34
Q

What are the roles of Lymphatic Capillaries?

A
  1. Collection of excess interstitial fluid and delivering it to the blood stream
  2. Return of small proteins filtered by blood capillaries to bloodstream
  3. Delivery of foreign particles to the lymph nodes
  4. Absorption of dietary fats and delivery of absorbed fats to the bloodstream
35
Q

What do Lymphatic Collecting Ducts do?

A

return lymph to the bloodstream at the subclavian veins

36
Q

Which duct drains a much larger portion of body and drains into the left subclavian vein?

A

Thoracic duct

37
Q

Name the 5 cells of the immune system

A
  1. Natural Killer (NK) cells
  2. Macrophages
  3. Dendritic Cells
  4. T Cells
  5. B Cells
38
Q

What are Natural Killer Cells?

A

Lymphocytes that destroy bacteria, fight against transplanted tissues, attack virally infected cells and destroy cancer cells

39
Q

What are Macrophages?

A

Monocytes that have migrated to the tissues, where they phagocytize bacteria, debris, and dead neutrophils

40
Q

What are Dendritic Cells?

A

Located in the epidermis and serve as APCs

41
Q

What are T Cells?

A

Lymphocytes that are important in nonspecific defense and specific immunity

42
Q

What are B Cells?

A

Lymphocytes that serve as APCs and are important in humoral immunity because they produce antibodies

43
Q

Name the cells within the T Cells

A
  1. T Helper Cells
  2. T Cytotoxic Cells
  3. T Memory Cells
  4. T Regulatory Cells
44
Q

Name the cells within the B cells

A
  1. B Plasma Cells
  2. B Memory Cells
45
Q

MALT stands for?

A

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

46
Q

What is MALT?

A

Scattering of lymphocytes in mucous membranes lining tracks to the outside environment

47
Q

What is Peyer’s patches?

A

Nodules of lymphocytes at the distal end of the small intestine

48
Q

What is the function of the lymph nodes?

A

Filters lymph on its way back to the bloodstream

49
Q

Where are lymph nodes located?

A

Throughout the body, but mainly in the trunk

50
Q

What do macrophages do for the body?

A

Engulf and digest foreign substances, damaged cells, debris

51
Q

Name the functions of the lymph nodes and what they do

A
  1. Filter, filters potentially harmful particles from the lymph
  2. Immune Surveillance, monitors body fluids via macrophages and lymphocytes
52
Q

What do lymphocytes do for the body?

A

attack various pathogens in lymph nodes

53
Q

What are the tonsils function?

A

Ring the pharynx to guard against pathogens entering the body through the nose or mouth

54
Q

Name the types of tonsils

A
  1. Pharyngeal tonsil
  2. Palatine tonsils
  3. Lingual tonsils
55
Q

What matures T cells that recognize foreign antigens, and destroys T cells that react to self-antigens?

A

Thymus Gland

56
Q

Name the 3 lines of defense against pathogens

A
  1. External barriers
  2. Inflammation, antimicrobial proteins, fever and cellular barriers
  3. Specific immunity
57
Q

What is Nonspecific Defense?

A

widespread and function the same way every time

58
Q

What is Specific Immunity?

A

requires a prior exposure to a pathogen so that it can recognize, react and remember the pathogen

59
Q

The skin and mucous membranes are what types of barriers?

A

External barriers

60
Q

What are the forms of acquired immunity?

A
  1. Passive
  2. Active
  3. Natural (active and passive)
  4. Artificial (active and passive)
61
Q

Define active, passive, natural and artificial immunity

A

Active is when the body actively creates its own immunity
Passive is acquired through someone or something else
Natural is accomplished through naturally occurring means
Artificial is immunity that is not acquired naturally

62
Q

Macrophages are activated by __________ for nonspecific defense such as inflammation and fever

A

T Helper Cells

63
Q

What are the effects of aging on the Lymphatic System?

A
  • the ability to move fluid between the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems does NOT decrease with age
  • the number of B cells in the Lymphoid tissues will remain relatively stable
  • the thymus gland shrinks with age
  • the number of new T cells decreases with age
  • the immune response may slow down with age and old viruses may reemerge
64
Q

Name the diagnostic tests for Lymphatic System Disorders

A
  1. Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy
  2. CT Scan
  3. Lumber Puncture
  4. Lymph Node Biopsy
  5. MRI
  6. White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
  7. White Blood Differential Count
65
Q

Which the following types of pathogens is not cellular, and therefore does not have cellular structure, such as ribosomes

66
Q

Where are protective epithelial surfaces found

A

All external and internal surface of the body

67
Q

Which of the following is false regarding normal flora

A

Normal flora frequently cause disease

68
Q

Which cell destroys bacteria, fight against transplanted tissue, attack cells, infected by viruses, and destroys cancer cells?

A

Natural killer cells

69
Q

Which type of these cells is important in the specific immunity because they produced antibodies, which are dissolved proteins in plasma that seek out specific foreign and gin for their destruction?

A

B plasma cells

70
Q

Which type of these cells is important in the specific immunity because they produced antibodies, which are dissolved proteins in plasma that seek out specific foreign and gin for their destruction?

A

B plasma cells

71
Q

Where does Limp travel?

A

Limb moves through the lymph vessels to the collecting ducks and back into the blood circulation at the subclavian veins

72
Q

Which type of B cell id important in specific immunity because they produce antibodies which are dissolved proteins in plasma that seek out specific foreign antigen for their destruction

A

B plasma cells

Anatomy (CH. 9-16) (9 decks)

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