Chapter 11

Question 1

According to Rachels the idea that men and women think differently

Answer 1

has been used to discriminate against women.

Question 2

According to Rachels Aristotle said that

Answer 2

women are not as rational as men.

Question 3

According to Rachels Kant maintained that

Answer 3

1 women lack civil personality.

2 women should have no voice in public life.

Question 4

According to Rachel’s, given the historical background

Answer 4

it should be no surprise that the women’s movement of the 60’s and 70’s denied that men and women differ psychologically.

Question 5

According to Rachel’s in today’s world

Answer 5

most feminists believe that women do think differently than men.

Question 6

According to Rachel’s (female’s way of thinking)

Answer 6

female ways of thinking yield insights that have been missed in male dominated areas.

Question 7

Kohlberg used the problem known as “Heinz’s Dilemma”

Answer 7

in studying the moral development of children.

Question 8

Kohlberg’s research led him to conclude

Answer 8

that there are 6 stages of moral development.

Question 9

According to Kohlberg if all goes well

Answer 9

we begin life with a self centered desire to avoid punishment, and end life with a set of abstract moral principles.

Question 10

According to Kohlberg (moral stage 5)

Answer 10

few people make it past stage 5 in moral development.

Question 11

Heinz Dilemma

Answer 11

whether a man with a sick wife should steal a drug from a pharmacy to cure her.

Question 12

According to Rachel’s with regard to Heinz’s Dilemma 3

Answer 12

1 boys and girls view the matter differently.
2 the boy Jake seems to have advanced beyond Amy.
3 Amy’s response to the situation is typical of people operating at stage 3.

Question 13

According to Rachel’s (how people think) 3

Answer 13

1 it is legitimate to study how people think at different ages.
2 it is legitimate to identify the best ways of thinking.
3 the projects of a and b are different from each other.

Question 14

According to Rachel’s (contrary to opinion of older people)

Answer 14

contrary to the opinion of older people, it could turn out that age does not bring wisdom.

Question 15

According to Rachel’s most moral philosophers

Answer 15

have favored an ethic based on principles because most moral philosophers have been men.

Question 16

Gilligan in contrast to Kohlberg thinks that

Answer 16

women’s basic moral orientation is one of caring.

Question 17

Gilligan basic moral orientation one of caring

Answer 17

one of caring means taking care of others in a personal way.

Question 18

According to Gilligan Amy’s way of thinking

Answer 18

did not want to simply reject the pharmacist’s point of view, she wanted to talk to him and accommodate him.

Question 19

According to Rachel’s studies have shown that

Answer 19

women tend to score higher than men on tests that measure empathy.

Question 20

According to Rachels, as Baumesiter put it

Answer 20

1 women specialize in the narrow sphere of intimate relationships.
2 men specialize in the larger group.

Question 21

What are the ways that Rachel’s claims can account for women on the average being more caring than men?

Answer 21

1 perhaps women care more because of the social roles they occupy and social conditioning.
2 there might be a genetic explanation.

Question 22

According to Rachel’s (feminism)

Answer 22

not all female philosophers are feminists and not all feminists embrace the ethics of care.

Question 23

According to Rachel’s traditional theories of obligation

Answer 23

are notoriously ill suited to describing life among family and friends.

Question 24

According to Rachel’s (loving parent)

Answer 24

a loving parent is motivated by love, not by duty.

Question 25

According to Rachel’s the ideas of equality and impartiality

Answer 25

seem deeply antagonistic to the values of love and friendship.

Question 26

According to Rachel’s while Mill said that a moral agent must be strictly impartial as a disinterested and benevolent spectator

Answer 26

this is not the viewpoint of a parent or friend.

Question 27

According to Rachel’s the ethics of care 3

Answer 27

1 does not take obligation as fundamental.
2 does not require that we impartially promote the interests of everyone alike.
3 is perfectly suited to deal with special relationships.

Question 28

According to Rachel’s the ethics of care 4

Answer 28

1 begins with the idea of moral life as a network of relationships with specific people.
2 sees “living well” as caring for specific people.
3 attends to the needs of specific people.
4 as maintaining the trust of specific people.