Chapter 11 Flashcards
According to Rachels the idea that men and women think differently
has been used to discriminate against women.
According to Rachels Aristotle said that
women are not as rational as men.
According to Rachels Kant maintained that
1 women lack civil personality.
2 women should have no voice in public life.
According to Rachel’s, given the historical background
it should be no surprise that the women’s movement of the 60’s and 70’s denied that men and women differ psychologically.
According to Rachel’s in today’s world
most feminists believe that women do think differently than men.
According to Rachel’s (female’s way of thinking)
female ways of thinking yield insights that have been missed in male dominated areas.
Kohlberg used the problem known as “Heinz’s Dilemma”
in studying the moral development of children.
Kohlberg’s research led him to conclude
that there are 6 stages of moral development.
According to Kohlberg if all goes well
we begin life with a self centered desire to avoid punishment, and end life with a set of abstract moral principles.
According to Kohlberg (moral stage 5)
few people make it past stage 5 in moral development.
Heinz Dilemma
whether a man with a sick wife should steal a drug from a pharmacy to cure her.
According to Rachel’s with regard to Heinz’s Dilemma 3
1 boys and girls view the matter differently.
2 the boy Jake seems to have advanced beyond Amy.
3 Amy’s response to the situation is typical of people operating at stage 3.
According to Rachel’s (how people think) 3
1 it is legitimate to study how people think at different ages.
2 it is legitimate to identify the best ways of thinking.
3 the projects of a and b are different from each other.
According to Rachel’s (contrary to opinion of older people)
contrary to the opinion of older people, it could turn out that age does not bring wisdom.
According to Rachel’s most moral philosophers
have favored an ethic based on principles because most moral philosophers have been men.
Gilligan in contrast to Kohlberg thinks that
women’s basic moral orientation is one of caring.
Gilligan basic moral orientation one of caring
one of caring means taking care of others in a personal way.
According to Gilligan Amy’s way of thinking
did not want to simply reject the pharmacist’s point of view, she wanted to talk to him and accommodate him.
According to Rachel’s studies have shown that
women tend to score higher than men on tests that measure empathy.
According to Rachels, as Baumesiter put it
1 women specialize in the narrow sphere of intimate relationships.
2 men specialize in the larger group.
What are the ways that Rachel’s claims can account for women on the average being more caring than men?
1 perhaps women care more because of the social roles they occupy and social conditioning.
2 there might be a genetic explanation.
According to Rachel’s (feminism)
not all female philosophers are feminists and not all feminists embrace the ethics of care.
According to Rachel’s traditional theories of obligation
are notoriously ill suited to describing life among family and friends.
According to Rachel’s (loving parent)
a loving parent is motivated by love, not by duty.
According to Rachel’s the ideas of equality and impartiality
seem deeply antagonistic to the values of love and friendship.
According to Rachel’s while Mill said that a moral agent must be strictly impartial as a disinterested and benevolent spectator
this is not the viewpoint of a parent or friend.
According to Rachel’s the ethics of care 3
1 does not take obligation as fundamental.
2 does not require that we impartially promote the interests of everyone alike.
3 is perfectly suited to deal with special relationships.
According to Rachel’s the ethics of care 4
1 begins with the idea of moral life as a network of relationships with specific people.
2 sees “living well” as caring for specific people.
3 attends to the needs of specific people.
4 as maintaining the trust of specific people.
