Chapter 10 Flashcards
According to Kant
human beings occupy a special place in creation.
According to Bentham
1 all punishment is mischief. 2 all punishment in itself is evil.
According to Kant human beings
have intrinsic worth.
According to Rachels the traditional answer to the question is punishment justified is that
it is a way of paying back the offender for his wicked deed.
According to Rachels justice requires that
only if you harm someone you should be harmed too.
According to Kant animals
only have value insofar as they serve human purposes.
According to Rachel’s, “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth is called
Retributivism.
According to Kant (duties to animals)
we have no direct duties to animals.
According to Bentham an eye for an eye
is wrong because it would increase the amount of misery in the world
According to Kant “He who is cruel to animals…
becomes hard in his dealings with men.
According to Kant punishment may increase the misery in the world
but this is alright, for the extra suffering is borne by those who deserve it.
According to Kant for humans have value above
have value above all price.
According to Rachels punishment can benefit society because (provides…)
it provides comfort and gratification to victims and their families.
According to Kant people
are irreplaceable.
According to Rachels punishment can benefit society because (by locking..)
by locking up criminals, or by executing them, we take them off the streets, so there is less crime and society is protected.
According to Rachels punishment can benefit society because (reduces… 2)
2 punishment reduces crime by deterring would-be criminals.
2 someone who is tempted to commit a crime might not do so if he knows he will be punished.
According to Rachels punishment can benefit society because (design)
a well designed system of punishment might help rehabilitate wrongdoers.
According to Rachels (Rehabilitation)
the rehabilitation mentality of the 1960’s has been replaced by a warehousing mentality.
Kant disliked utilitarianism because
it is incompatible with human dignity.
According to Kant people (dignity)
have a dignity that mere things lack.
According to Kant because people have desires
things that satisfy those desires can have value for people.
According to Kant mere things have value`
only insofar as they promote human ends.
According to Kant mere animals
are too primitive to have self conscious desires and goals.
According to Kant for humans to have intrinsic worth means
we have dignity, because we are rational agents.
According to Kant to be a rational agent means 3
1 we are capable of making our own decisions.
2 we are capable of setting our own goals.
3 we are capable of guiding our conduct by reason.
According to Kant the only way that moral goodness can exist is for 3
1 rational creatures to act from a good will.
2 rational creatures to apprehend what they should do.
3 rational creatures to act from a sense of duty.
According to Kant if people disappeared
so would the moral dimension of the world.
For Kant since humans are creatures who value
humans tower above the world of things.
Kant believed all of our duties can be derived from one ultimate principle
The Categorical Imperative
According to Kant morality requires that we always treat people
As ends and never as means
According to Kant, being a moral agent, means
moral rules hold, without exception, in all circumstances
According to Kant, lying under any circumstances is
the obliteration of one’s dignity as a human being.
According to Kant if we imprison a criminal in order to secure the well being of society
we are using the criminal as a means to benefit others.
According to Kant rehabilitation 3
- is really just the attempt to mold people into what we want them to be.
- violates their right to decide for themselves what they want to be.
c3integrity by trying to manipulate their personalities.
According to Kant punishment should be governed by two principles
1 people should be punished simply because they have committed crimes.
2 it is important to punish criminals proportionate to the seriousness of their crimes.
Kant’s 2 principles believed all of our duties can be derived from one ultimate principle
describe a general theory of punishment: wrongdoers must be punished, and the punishment must fit the crime.
Kant’s view that it is important to punish criminals proportionate to the seriousness of their crimes.
seems in principle to endorse the notion of capital punishment.
Although Kant’s view seems in principle to endorse capital punishment he might oppose it because
innocent people might be killed by mistake.
According to Kant punishment is a matter
is a matter of justice.
According to Kant, if the guilty are not punished
justice is not done
According to Kant, punishing someone
respects them as a person and involves treating them as an end.
According to Kant rational beings
are responsible for their behavior.
According to Kant if lying became common
in punishing people we hold them responsible for their actions in a way in which we cannot hold animals responsible.
According to Kant there is a deep reason for responding to people in kind
a criminals own evil deed draws the punishment he/she gets upon him/herself.
According to Kant if lying became common
people would stop believing each other.
According to Kant if lying became common
1 Lying would have no point.
2 nobody would pay attention to what you say.
According to Rachels we are tempted to make exceptions to the rule against lying because in some cases we think
the consequences of truthfulness will be bad and the consequences of lying will be good.
While for Kant any lie obliterates one’s dignity as a human being, common sense says
some lies are harmless.
According to Rachel’s the main problem with the belief in absolute rules is
shouldn’t a rule be broken when following it would be disastrous?
According to Rachel’s what is correct about Kant’s view of absolute rules
1 moral reasons, are binding on all people at all times.
2 create a consistency among our beliefs.
