Chapter 10

Question 1

According to Kant

Answer 1

human beings occupy a special place in creation.

Question 2

According to Bentham

Answer 2

1 all punishment is mischief. 2 all punishment in itself is evil.

Question 3

According to Kant human beings

Answer 3

have intrinsic worth.

Question 4

According to Rachels the traditional answer to the question is punishment justified is that

Answer 4

it is a way of paying back the offender for his wicked deed.

Question 5

According to Rachels justice requires that

Answer 5

only if you harm someone you should be harmed too.

Question 6

According to Kant animals

Answer 6

only have value insofar as they serve human purposes.

Question 7

According to Rachel’s, “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth is called

Answer 7

Retributivism.

Question 8

According to Kant (duties to animals)

Answer 8

we have no direct duties to animals.

Question 9

According to Bentham an eye for an eye

Answer 9

is wrong because it would increase the amount of misery in the world

Question 10

According to Kant “He who is cruel to animals…

Answer 10

becomes hard in his dealings with men.

Question 11

According to Kant punishment may increase the misery in the world

Answer 11

but this is alright, for the extra suffering is borne by those who deserve it.

Question 12

According to Kant for humans have value above

Answer 12

have value above all price.

Question 13

According to Rachels punishment can benefit society because (provides…)

Answer 13

it provides comfort and gratification to victims and their families.

Question 14

According to Kant people

Answer 14

are irreplaceable.

Question 15

According to Rachels punishment can benefit society because (by locking..)

Answer 15

by locking up criminals, or by executing them, we take them off the streets, so there is less crime and society is protected.

Question 16

According to Rachels punishment can benefit society because (reduces… 2)

Answer 16

2 punishment reduces crime by deterring would-be criminals.

2 someone who is tempted to commit a crime might not do so if he knows he will be punished.

Question 17

According to Rachels punishment can benefit society because (design)

Answer 17

a well designed system of punishment might help rehabilitate wrongdoers.

Question 18

According to Rachels (Rehabilitation)

Answer 18

the rehabilitation mentality of the 1960’s has been replaced by a warehousing mentality.

Question 19

Kant disliked utilitarianism because

Answer 19

it is incompatible with human dignity.

Question 20

According to Kant people (dignity)

Answer 20

have a dignity that mere things lack.

Question 21

According to Kant because people have desires

Answer 21

things that satisfy those desires can have value for people.

Question 22

According to Kant mere things have value`

Answer 22

only insofar as they promote human ends.

Question 23

According to Kant mere animals

Answer 23

are too primitive to have self conscious desires and goals.

Question 24

According to Kant for humans to have intrinsic worth means

Answer 24

we have dignity, because we are rational agents.

Question 25

According to Kant to be a rational agent means 3

Answer 25

1 we are capable of making our own decisions.
2 we are capable of setting our own goals.
3 we are capable of guiding our conduct by reason.

Question 26

According to Kant the only way that moral goodness can exist is for 3

Answer 26

1 rational creatures to act from a good will.
2 rational creatures to apprehend what they should do.
3 rational creatures to act from a sense of duty.

Question 27

According to Kant if people disappeared

Answer 27

so would the moral dimension of the world.

Question 28

For Kant since humans are creatures who value

Answer 28

humans tower above the world of things.

Question 29

Kant believed all of our duties can be derived from one ultimate principle

Answer 29

The Categorical Imperative

Question 30

According to Kant morality requires that we always treat people

Answer 30

As ends and never as means

Question 31

According to Kant, being a moral agent, means

Answer 31

moral rules hold, without exception, in all circumstances

Question 32

According to Kant, lying under any circumstances is

Answer 32

the obliteration of one’s dignity as a human being.

Question 33

According to Kant if we imprison a criminal in order to secure the well being of society

Answer 33

we are using the criminal as a means to benefit others.

Question 34

According to Kant rehabilitation 3

Answer 34

1. is really just the attempt to mold people into what we want them to be.
2. violates their right to decide for themselves what they want to be.
   c3integrity by trying to manipulate their personalities.

Question 35

According to Kant punishment should be governed by two principles

Answer 35

1 people should be punished simply because they have committed crimes.
2 it is important to punish criminals proportionate to the seriousness of their crimes.

Question 36

Kant’s 2 principles believed all of our duties can be derived from one ultimate principle

Answer 36

describe a general theory of punishment: wrongdoers must be punished, and the punishment must fit the crime.

Question 37

Kant’s view that it is important to punish criminals proportionate to the seriousness of their crimes.

Answer 37

seems in principle to endorse the notion of capital punishment.

Question 38

Although Kant’s view seems in principle to endorse capital punishment he might oppose it because

Answer 38

innocent people might be killed by mistake.

Question 39

According to Kant punishment is a matter

Answer 39

is a matter of justice.

Question 40

According to Kant, if the guilty are not punished

Answer 40

justice is not done

Question 41

According to Kant, punishing someone

Answer 41

respects them as a person and involves treating them as an end.

Question 42

According to Kant rational beings

Answer 42

are responsible for their behavior.

Question 43

According to Kant if lying became common

Answer 43

in punishing people we hold them responsible for their actions in a way in which we cannot hold animals responsible.

Question 44

According to Kant there is a deep reason for responding to people in kind

Answer 44

a criminals own evil deed draws the punishment he/she gets upon him/herself.

Question 45

According to Kant if lying became common

Answer 45

people would stop believing each other.

Question 46

According to Kant if lying became common

Answer 46

1 Lying would have no point.

2 nobody would pay attention to what you say.

Question 47

According to Rachels we are tempted to make exceptions to the rule against lying because in some cases we think

Answer 47

the consequences of truthfulness will be bad and the consequences of lying will be good.

Question 48

While for Kant any lie obliterates one’s dignity as a human being, common sense says

Answer 48

some lies are harmless.

Question 49

According to Rachel’s the main problem with the belief in absolute rules is

Answer 49

shouldn’t a rule be broken when following it would be disastrous?

Question 50

According to Rachel’s what is correct about Kant’s view of absolute rules

Answer 50

1 moral reasons, are binding on all people at all times.

2 create a consistency among our beliefs.