Chapter 11 Flashcards
Know how prokaryotes divide, including the ori and ter regions
Prokaryotes divide by binary fission, where DNA replication begins at the ori (origin of replication) and ends at the ter (terminus) region, followed by cytokinesis, which splits the cell into two identical daughter cells.
What is DNA segregation?
When replication is complete, ori regions move to opposite ends of the cell, segregating the daughter chromosomes
What is Cytokinesis?
Cell membrane pinches in; protein fibers form a ring; New cell wall materials are synthesized resulting in separation of the two cells
What is Chromosomes?
DNA structures in cells that carry genetic information
Know the phases of the cell cycle! What are the phases of interphase and what happens
in each?
~phases a cell passes through to produce daughter cells by cell division
interphase
~G1 → chromosomes are single (unreplicated)
Duration is variable, minutes to years. Some cells enter resting phase (G0). Ends at the G1-to-S transition → when commitment is made to DNA replication and cell division
~S phase → DNA replication; sister chromatids remain together until mitosis
G2 → cell prepares for mitosis, e.g. by synthesizing the structures that move the chromatids
What are cdks and what are they important for in the cell cycle?
enzymes that regulate the cell cycle by partnering with cyclins to control progression through different stages of cell division.
What are cell cycle checkpoints?
Know the difference between chromosomes, daughter chromosomes, chromatids, sister
chromatids, centromeres, centrosome, kinetochores, homologous pairs, haploid and diploid cells, asexual v. sexual reproduction, crossing over, independent assortment,
nondisjunction, karyotype, necrosis, apoptosis
Tumors—benign v. malignant, metastasis, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, p53
benign
malignant
metastasis
oncogenes
tumor suppressors
p53
